Site Search

You searched for "supplements"

• B型肝炎と共に生きる  B型肝炎から回復することはありますか？ 新たに感染した成人健常者の大半は、問題なく回復します。ただし、乳児や幼児はウイルスをうまく取り除くことができません。 成人－ 成人の健常者の90%は問題なく回復しますが、残りの10%は慢性B型肝炎にかかります。 幼児－感染している1～5歳の幼児の最大50%が慢性B型肝炎にかかります。 乳児－90%が慢性B型肝炎にかかり、ウイルスを取り除けるのはわずか10%です。 急性と慢性のB型肝炎の違いは何ですか？ B型肝炎への感染は、ウイルスにさらされてから最初の6ヶ月間は「急性」とみなされます。これは、B型肝炎に感染してから回復するまでにかかる期間の平均です。 6ヶ月経過しても慢性B型肝炎ウイルス（HBsAg+）検査が陽性の場合、生涯続く「慢性」B型肝炎にかかっているとみなされます。  急性B型肝炎を発症すると病気の症状が出ますか？ B型肝炎は全く症状が見られないことが多いため、「症状のない感染」と呼ばれています。大半の感染者は健康だと思っており、自分が感染していることを知りません。そのため、知らないうちにウイルスを他人に拡散してしまっています。ウイルスに感染した人には、熱、疲労感、関節や筋肉の痛み、食欲減退などインフルエンザに似た軽度の症状が現れることがあります。 まれに、ひどい吐き気や嘔吐、黄疸（目や皮膚が黄色くなること）、腹部の膨張などの深刻な症状が現れることがあり、このような場合は直ちに緊急治療が必要で、入院が必要なこともあります。 急性B型肝炎から回復したことはどうすればわかりますか？ 体内からウイルスが除去され、保護抗体 (HBsAb+) が作られたことを担当医師が血液検査を通じて確認したら、その後はB型肝炎への感染から守られ、他人に感染させることはありません。 慢性B型肝炎と診断されたらどうすればよいですか？ B型肝炎ウイルスの検査で6ヶ月以上陽性の場合、慢性B型肝炎とみなされます。肝臓専門医、胃腸専門医、またはB型肝炎に詳しいかかりつけの医師の診察を予約してください。医師は血液検査と、可能であれば肝臓の超音波診断を行って、体内に存在するB型肝炎ウイルスの動きを評価し、肝臓の健康度を監視します。医師は年に1～2度診察でB型肝炎を監視し、治療が患者に適切かどうかを判断します。 慢性B型肝炎の患者は全員、年に少なくとも1回（またはそれ以上の回数）医師の定期検診を受けることが求められます。また、医師は治療を開始するかどうかを判断します。ウイルスがあまり活発ではなく、ほとんど、あるいは全く肝臓に障害がなくても、時間と共に状況が変わることがありますので、定期的な監視は極めて大切です。 ほとんどの慢性B型肝炎患者は、健康的に長生きすることができますが、B型肝炎と診断されたら、ウイルスは体内や肝臓に生涯にわたって留まる可能性があります。重要なことは、気分が悪くなくても、ウイルスを他人に感染させるおそれがあると知っておくことです。家庭内で密接に接触する家族や性的関係のあるパートナーは、B型肝炎の予防接種を必ず受けることがとても重要となります。 慢性B型肝炎の監視にはどの検査が用いられますか？ 医師がB型肝炎の監視するために行う一般的な検査には、B型肝炎血液パネル検査、肝機能検査（ALT、AST）、B型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）検査、B型肝炎e抗体（HBeAb）検査、B型肝炎DNA定量（ウイルス量）検査、肝臓の画像診断（超音波、FibroScan [Transient Elastography] またはCTスキャン）などがあります。 慢性B型肝炎の治療法はありますか？ 現在、慢性B型肝炎の治療法は存在しません。ただし、ウイルスの活動を遅くすることで、肝臓病の進行を遅らせる治療法がありますので、安心してください。生成されるB型肝炎のウイルスが少なければ、肝臓へのダメージも抑えられます。これらの薬でウイルスを除去することができる場合もありますが、これは稀な事例です。  また、新しい画期的な研究が進んでいますので、近い将来慢性B型肝を完治させられる治療法が確立されることも大いに期待されています。現在開発中の将来有望な薬のリストについては、Drug Watch（新薬安全性情報）を参照してください。 慢性B型肝炎を治療するための承認薬はありますか？ 現在のB型肝炎の治療には、抗ウイルス薬を用いる方法と、免疫調節剤を用いる方法の2つのカテゴリーがあります。 抗ウイルス薬-B型肝炎ウイルスの増殖を遅らせたり阻止したりして、肝臓の炎症やダメージを抑えます。この薬は、少なくとも1年（通常はそれ以上）の期間、毎日錠剤を1錠服用します。FDAの承認を受けている抗ウイルス薬は6種類ありますが、お勧めできるのはそのうちのテノホビル・ジソプロキシル（Viread/TDF）、テノホビル・アラフェナミド（Vemlidy/TAF）、エンテカビル（Baraclude）の3種類の「第一選択」抗ウイルス薬のみです。第一選択抗ウイルス薬をお勧めするのは、これらが安全でより効果が高いためです。また、以前の抗ウイルス薬よりも耐性について優れた特性を持ち、処方されたとおりに服用すると、ウイルスが突然変異したり抵抗したりする可能性が低くなります。ウイルスに抵抗力がついてしまうと、ウイルスの扱いや制御が難しくなります。 免疫調節薬剤 -免疫システムのB型肝炎のウイルスを制御する能力を高める薬剤です。この調節剤は、6ヶ月から1年の間注射で投与します。最もよく処方される抗ウイルス薬には、インターフェロン アルファ-2b（イントロンA）やペグインターフェロン（Pegasys）などがあります。これは、デルタ肝炎に同時感染している患者の治療のみに推奨されます。 これらの薬品で慢性B型肝炎は「全快」しますか？ B型肝炎は完全に治るわけではありませんが、ウイルスの増殖を抑え、将来より深刻な肝臓疾患にかかるリスクを低下させます。結果として、ウイルスによる肝臓へのダメージの進行が遅くなるため（長期投与の場合には、進行が逆転することもある）、患者の症状が数ヶ月以内に改善されます。抗ウイルス薬の服用開始時期や停止時期は明示されていないので、慢性B型肝炎の治療を始める前に豊富な知識を持つ医師に入念に検査してもらうことが非常に重要です。 慢性B型肝炎に感染したら薬物治療を受けるべきですか？ 大切なのは、B型肝炎にかかっている人全員が治療を必要とするわけではない、という事実を理解することです。あなたが薬物治療の候補者としてふさわしいかどうか、担当医師と話し合ってください。あなたと担当医師が治療を開始すべきかどうか決める際には、肝臓専門医またはB型肝炎について十分な知識を持つ医師の診察を定期的に受けて、判断の材料にしてください。 慢性B型肝炎に感染したら、薬草療法やハーブサプリメントを摂取しても安全ですか？ 多くの方が、免疫システムを高めるために、薬草療法やハーブサプリメントに興味を持っています。ですが、これらの製品の製造メーカーに対する規制が存在せず、安全性や純度について厳格な検査が実施されていません。そのため、薬草療法やビタミンサプリメントの品質は一定していません。また、薬草療法のなかにはB型肝炎の処方薬や他の健康状態に干渉するものや、肝障害の原因となるものさえあります。このような薬草療法により、慢性B型肝炎が治ることはありません。 インターネットやソーシャルメディアで自社製品について誤った宣伝をしている会社も多数存在し、Facebook上に虚偽の事実や患者の声を掲載して、ユーザーを欺いて高価な薬草療法やサプリメントを購入させようとします。出来過ぎた話は、必ずと言っていいほど真実ではありません。 以下に、薬草や代替医療に関する信頼の置ける情報源を掲載します。そこで示されている情報は信頼のおけるものであり、科学的な証拠に基いています。利用している薬草療法やサプリメントに含まれている有効成分が本物であるか、肝臓にとって安全かどうか確認してください。最も大切なことは、あなたの肝臓にこれ以上害が及ばないように守ることです。 慢性B型肝炎の場合に、肝臓の健康を管理する上で、日常できることはありますか？ 慢性B型肝炎の感染者には、薬物治療が必要な人も、不要な人もいます。ただし、肝臓を守り、健康状態を改善させるために患者ができることはたくさんあります。次に示すのは、今すぐ始められる10の健康習慣です。 肝臓専門医やかかりつけの医師の定期検診を予約し、肝臓を含めて体全体の健康を積極的に守ります。 A型肝炎の予防接種を受け、他のウイルスが肝臓を攻撃しないように予防します。 B型肝炎のウイルスで既に傷ついている肝臓にさらにダメージを与える飲酒や喫煙を避けます。 処方されたB型肝炎の薬と干渉したり、肝臓に害を及ぼすものもあるため、薬草療法やビタミンサプリメントを摂取する場合は、事前に医療関係者に相談します。 市販薬（アセトアミノフェン、パラセタモールなど）やB型肝炎以外の処方せん薬については、その多くに含まれる物質が肝臓で処理されるため、服用する前に肝臓にとって安全かどうか薬剤師に確認します。  塗料、塗料用シンナー、接着剤、家庭用洗浄剤、マニキュアの除光液、その他肝障害を起こす原因となる可能性がある有害化学薬品の刺激臭を吸わないようにします。 果物、全粒穀物、魚と赤身の肉、たくさんの野菜など、健康に良い食品を食べます。特に、キャベツ、ブロッコリー、カリフラワーなどの「アブラナ科の野菜」は環境化学物質から肝臓を守ってくれることがわかっています。  生や生焼けの貝（二枚貝、イガイ、カキ、ホタテガイなど）は食べないようにします。貝には、ビブリオ・バルニフィカスと呼ばれる肝臓に有害な細菌が含まれており、深刻な障害を引き起こすおそれがあります。 ナッツ、インディアンコーン、トウモロコシ、ピーナッツ、タカキビ、ヒエなどは、料理する前にカビがはえていないか確認します。湿気のある場所に料理を置いたままにしたり、きちんと密閉していないと、カビが問題となる可能性があります。カビが含まれた料理は、肝がんのリスク要因として知られる「アフラトキシン」に汚染されている可能性があります。 健康的な食べ物を食べ、定期的に運動し、たっぷり休息をとってストレスレベルを下げます。  食べ物、飲み物、呼吸するもの、皮膚から吸収されるものはすべて、最終的に肝臓で選別されますから、肝臓と健康を守ることが大切です！ 急性B型肝炎にかかった後に献血はできますか？   いいえ。急性B型肝炎から回復していたとしても、血液バンクはB型肝炎に感染している血液は受け付けません。 Living With Hepatitis B Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection? Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B. Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus. What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection? A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime.  Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection? Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others. What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B? If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment. All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B? Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B? Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common.  With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B? Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B? Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication? It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection? Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tipsare there for those living with chronic hepatitis B? People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver. Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest.  Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/japanese/livingwithhepatitisb/

• 一般的情報 B型肝炎とは？ B型肝炎は、世界で最も多く見られる肝臓の感染症で、肝臓を攻撃して傷つけるB型肝炎ウイルス（HBV）が原因でかかります。B型肝炎ウイルスは、血液、無防備な性交渉、使いまわした注射針を通じて、また妊娠中や出産中に感染した母親から新生児に感染します。感染した成人のほとんどは、問題なくB型肝炎ウイルスを取り除くことができますが、一部の成人、赤ちゃんや子どもの大半ではウイルスを血液中から取り除くことができず、慢性（一生の間感染したままの状態が続く）感染症を引き起こします。 B型肝炎の感染を予防する安全なワクチンや、既にB型肝炎に感染している患者に対して新しい治療法が開発されています。  感染者はどのくらいいますか？ 全世界では、20億人（3人に1人）がB型肝炎に既に感染したことがあり、そのうち2億5,700万人は慢性感染者です（この人たちはウイルスを取り除くことができません）。毎年、推定で約70万人がB型肝炎やその合併症で死亡しています。 世界の一部の地域でB型肝炎が多いのはなぜですか？ B型肝炎は年齢や民族に関係なく感染することでかかる病気ですが、特にアジア、アフリカや南アフリカの一部、東ヨーロッパ、中東に住む人々は感染するリスクが高くなっています。また、B型肝炎はこれらの地域で生まれた（または両親がこれらの地域で生まれた）アメリカ人にもよく見られます。 B型肝炎は、世界の一部の地域では他の地域に比べて多く見られます。それは、これらの地域で極めて大勢の人々が既にB型肝炎に感染していることによります。B型肝炎は、「アジア特有の病気」でも「アフリカ特有の病気」でもありませんが、これらの地域の何億人もの人々に影響を与えていることから、他の地域にくらべより大勢の人々がB型肝炎のウイルスを他の人々に感染させる恐れがあり、あなたが感染するリスクも高まります。西側諸国での感染者は少ないため、感染するリスクは低くなっています。 B型肝炎がよく見られる地域では、感染は通常、母親がB型肝炎感染者であることを知らずに、出産時に新生児をウイルス感染させてしまうことから発生します。また感染している家族と毎日接触している幼い子どもも、感染する危険があります。赤ちゃんや子どもは、自身が持つ免疫システムでウイルスを取り除くことが難しいため、慢性のB型肝炎に感染する可能性がより高くなります。 あなた、またはご家族の方が、地図の濃い青で示されている地域の出身である場合は、あなたもB型肝炎に感染する危険性が高くなります。その場合は肝炎の検査について医師と話し合ってください。 なぜB型肝炎について注意すべきなのですか？ 慢性のB型肝炎は、肝硬変や肝臓がんなど重い肝臓の病気につながる可能性があります。早期に診断すれば、早めに治療を開始して命を救うことができるため、検査を受けることが大切です。また、ほとんどの感染者は感染していることを知らないため、意図せずに他の大勢の人にウイルスを広めてしまう可能性があります。検査を受けないことで、一つの家族で何代にもわたってB型肝炎が伝染したり、地域全体が感染したりする恐れもあります。 B型肝炎は一家族で何代にもわたって伝染する可能性があるため、「遺伝」であると誤って信じられていますが、B型肝炎は遺伝病ではなく、ウイルスにより引き起こされる病気です。ウイルスは、母親から子どもに伝染する、あるいは家庭内で誤って血液に触れてしまうなど、家族の間で伝染することが多くあります。検査して、予防接種や治療を受ければ、家族内でのB型肝炎のサイクルを断ち切ることが可能です。 B型肝炎はなぜとても危険なのですか？ B型肝炎が危険な理由は、知らず知らずに感染するおそれがある「自覚症状のない感染」のためです。B型肝炎に感染しているほとんどの人は、自分が感染していることを知らずに、血液や感染した体液を通じて他の人にウイルスを感染させてしまいます。慢性的に感染している人は、中年期以降に肝障害、肝硬変、肝がんにかかるリスクが高まります。ウイルスは長年にわたって潜伏し、自覚症状がないまま肝臓を継続的に攻撃します。 急性B型肝炎とは？ 急性B型肝炎の場合、（症状のある、なしに関係なく）最大で6ヶ月ほど続くため、この時期に感染者はウイルスを他の人に伝染させてしまうおそれがあります。 急性B型肝炎の症状は、食欲不振、関節や筋肉の痛み、軽い発熱、腹痛などです。大半の人には症状が出ませんが、発症すると感染してから60～150日後に症状が現れ、症状は平均で3ヶ月ほど続きます。人によっては、吐き気、嘔吐、黄疸（両目や皮膚が黄色くなる）、または腹部膨張など重い症状が現れ、医師の診察を受けなければならなくなります。 B型肝炎のウイルスが血液中に存在する場合は、血液検査をするだけで感染していることがわかります。急性B型肝炎と診断された場合は、医師は6ヶ月以内にもう一度血液検査をして、患者が回復したのか、それとも慢性B型肝炎にかかったのかを確認する必要があります。血液検査によって血液中にB型肝炎のウイルスが残っていないと確認されるまでは、他の人に感染させないようにすることが重要です。性交渉のあるパートナーや家族（または、家族がひんぱんに接触する人たち）にB型肝炎の検査を受けてもらうことも重要です。彼らが感染していなくても、B型肝炎のワクチンを接種していないなら、B型肝炎のワクチンを連続して接種してもらうようにします。 急性B型肝炎にかかっている患者に対して、特別なB型肝炎の治療は行われません。急性B型肝炎を克服する治療法はなく、大半の大人の感染者は自力で回復しますが、重い症状のある患者は入院して総合的な看護を受けることもあります。急性の場合の主な治療は、休息と症状の管理です。まれにですが、急性患者に「劇症肝炎」と呼ばれる、命にかかわる症状が発生することがあり、これは突然肝不全を引き起こすおそれがあるため、緊急治療が必要です。 急性B型肝炎に感染したら、アルコールを避け、タバコを止めるか本数を減らし、健康に良い食べ物を食べ、脂肪分の多い食べ物を避けて、肝臓になるべく負担をかけないようにします。また、現在服用している薬（処方薬、市販薬、ビタミン剤、ハーブサプリメントなど）について医師に助言を求め、肝臓にとって安全かどうか確認します。その際には、疑問に思っていることを医師に質問してください。ビタミン剤や肝臓用のサプリメントは、回復の助けとならないばかりか、肝臓の症状をさらに悪化させる可能性あります。 急性感染から回復したことを確認するために必要な追加の血液検査については、医師に確認してください。 慢性B型肝炎とは？ B型肝炎のウイルス血液検査で6ヶ月以上陽性の結果が続く人は、慢性肝炎に感染していると診断されます。これは、免疫システムがB型肝炎のウイルスを除去できず、ウイルスが血液中や肝臓に留まっていることを意味します。慢性肝炎では、効果的な治療や管理の方法があるものの、完治はしません。B型肝炎が慢性化すれば、ウイルスが一生血液中に留まる可能性があります。 慢性B型肝炎にかかっている人は、ウイルスを知らず知らずに他の人に感染させてしまうおそれがあります。また、慢性のB型肝炎では、肝硬変や肝臓がんなど重い肝臓の病気につながるおそれがもあります。慢性B型肝炎にかかっている人全員が、重い肝臓の病気を発症するわけではありませんが、感染していない人に比べて可能性は非常に高くなります。 慢性B型肝炎にかかるリスクは最初にB型肝炎に感染した年齢と関連しており、 新生児や乳児のときに感染した人のうち90%が、 小児（1～5歳）のときに感染した人のうち最大50%が、 成人してから感染した人のうち5～10%がかかります（つまり、90%は回復します）。 慢性B型肝炎にかかっているとわかったら、とても動揺してしまうかもしれません。大半の人には自覚症状がなく、感染してから何十年も経ってから診断が下される場合もあり、慢性B型肝炎に感染していると診断されたらショックを受け、驚くのも無理はありません。ですが、慢性B型肝炎にかかっていても大半の人は長く健康的な人生を送ることができますので、安心してください。 肝炎に感染している妊婦の場合は、出産時に新生児にウイルスを感染させてしまうおそれがあります。出生時に新生児が慢性肝炎に感染するリスクが高いことから、世界保健機関（WHO）と米国疾病管理予防センター（CDC）はすべての新生児に対して、出生後12～24時間以内にB型肝炎の最初の予防接種を行うように勧めています。もしあなたが妊婦であり肝炎に感染している場合は、出産後12～24時間以内に赤ちゃんがB型肝炎の最初の予防接種を受けられるように手配してください！ 慢性B型肝炎は完治しませんが、効果的な薬物療法でB型肝炎のウイルスを管理し、肝臓のダメージを阻止することができます。また、研究段階ではあるものの、有望な新薬が開発されていますので、ごく近い将来にB型肝炎は完治する病になるかもしれません。慢性B型肝炎にかかっている人は、感染していない人と比べて重い肝疾患や肝がんにかかるリスクが高いものの、以下に挙げたようにリスクを下げるためにできることはたくさんあります。 6ヶ月ごとに（または少なくとも年に1回）肝臓の専門医、またはB型肝炎に詳しい医師の定期診断を受け、肝臓の健康状態を監視してください。 慢性B型肝炎の治療が重い肝疾患や肝がんの予防に役立つかどうか、担当の医師と話し合ってください。 定期検診の際に、担当の医師に肝がんのスクリーニングも欠かさず実施してもらってください。がんを初期の段階で発見できれば、治療の選択肢が増え、治療効果も高まります。 アルコールと喫煙はどちらも肝臓に多くの負担をかけるため、避けるか量を制限してください。 揚げものや油っこい食品は肝臓に負担がかかりますので、野菜を多く含む健康に良い食事を摂ってください。 「慢性キャリア」とはどういう意味ですか？ 医師は、慢性B型肝炎の患者を「慢性キャリア」と呼ぶことがあります。「慢性キャリア」とは、慢性B型肝炎にかかり、ウイルスを他人に感染させる可能性があるため、医師が管理する必要がある患者のことをいいます。 B型肝炎の治療法はありますか？ 大半の成人は、薬物療法に頼らずに自力で急性B型肝炎から回復します。慢性B型肝炎にかかった成人、子ども、幼児を完治させる治療方法は、現在のところ存在しません。ただし、ウイルスの活動を遅くすることで、慢性B型肝炎にかかっている人の肝臓病の進行を遅らせる治療法がありますので、安心してください。生成されるB型肝炎のウイルスが少なければ、肝臓へのダメージも抑えられます。 また、新しい画期的な研究が進んでいますので、近い将来慢性B型肝を完治させられる治療法が確立されることも大いに期待されています。現在開発中の将来有望な薬のリストについては、Drug Watch（新薬安全性情報）を参照してください。 B型肝炎の治療オプションには何がありますか？ 急性B型肝炎については、休息あるいは症状を管理する対症療法以外に治療法はありません。 慢性B型肝炎については、いくつかの治療方法があります。ここで大切なのは、B型肝炎にかかっている人全員が治療を必要とするわけではないということです。担当医師は、薬物治療が必要か、あるいは病状を監視しながら静観するべきかの決定を支援してくれます。 B型肝炎ウイルスの動きを遅くしたり阻止したりして、肝臓の炎症やダメージを抑えてくれる抗ウイルス薬がいくつか存在しています。抗ウイルス薬は、少なくとも1年以上、毎日1錠服用します。米国食品医薬局（FDA）の承認を受けている抗ウイルス薬は6種類ありますが、お勧めできるのはそのうちのテノホビル・ジソプロキシル（Viread/TDF）、テノホビル・アラフェナミド（Vemlidy/TAF）、エンテカビル（Baraclude）の3種類の「第一選択」抗ウイルス薬のみです。第一選択抗ウイルス薬をお勧めするのは、これらが安全でより効果が高いためです。第一選択抗ウイルス薬を使って治療しても効果がない、またはこれらの薬を利用できない方は、別のオプションとして、テルビブジン（Tyzeka、Sebivo）、アデホビル・ピボキシル（Hepsera）、ラミブジン（Epivir-HBV、Zeffix、Heptodin）の服用も可能です。 これらの慢性B型肝炎用抗ウイルス薬はFDAに承認されているものの、服用して全快するわけではありません。ただし、肝臓へのダメージや肝がんに対するリスクを大幅に抑制してくれます。抗ウイルス薬の服用開始時期や停止時期は明示されておらず、慢性B型肝炎の治療を始める前に豊富な知識を持つ医師に入念に評価してもらうことが非常に重要です。 また他の薬として、免疫システムによるB型肝炎ウイルスに対する制御能力を高める免疫調節剤もあります。この調節剤は、6ヶ月から1年の間注射で投与します。最もよく処方される抗ウイルス薬には、インターフェロン アルファ-2b（イントロンA）やペグインターフェロン（Pegasys）などがあります。 この治療を受ける場合は、担当医師と治療オプションについて話し合い、どの抗ウイルス薬が最も適しているかを決めることが必要です。一般的にこれらの医薬品はB型肝炎ウイルスの減少または阻止に効果を発揮します。結果として、ウイルスによる肝臓へのダメージの進行が遅くなるため（長期投与の場合には、進行が逆転することもある）、患者の症状が数ヶ月以内に改善されます。 B型肝炎のFDA承認薬や開発中のほかの将来有望な医薬品の全リストについては、Drug Watch（新薬安全性情報）を参照してください。 General Information What is hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is the world's most common liver infection. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which attacks and injures the liver. It is transmitted through blood, unprotected sex, shared or re-used needles, and from an infected mother to her newborn baby during pregnancy or delivery. Most infected adults are able to get rid of the hepatitis B virus without any problems. However, some adults and most infected babies and children are unable to get rid of the virus and will develop chronic (life-long) infection. The good news is that there is a safe vaccine to prevent a hepatitis B infection and new treatments for those already infected with hepatitis B.  How many people are affected by hepatitis B? Worldwide, 2 billion people (1 out of 3 people) have been infected with hepatitis B; and 257 million people are chronically infected (which means they are unable to get rid of the virus). An estimated 700,000 people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications. Why is hepatitis B more common in some parts of the world? Hepatitis B can infect any person of any age or ethnicity, but people from parts of the world where hepatitis B is common, such as Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, are at much higher risk for getting infected. Hepatitis B is also common among Americans who were born (or whose parents were born) in these regions. Hepatitis B is more common in certain regions of the world because there are so many more people already infected with hepatitis B in these regions. Although hepatitis B is not an "Asian disease" or an “African disease,” it affects hundreds of millions of people from these regions – so there are more people who can pass the hepatitis B virus on to others. This increases the risk that you could get infected. Since there is a smaller number of Westerners who are infected, this group has a lower risk of infection. In regions where hepatitis B is common, people are usually infected as newborns - from a mother who unknowingly passes the virus to her baby during delivery. Young children are also at risk if they live in close daily contact with an infected family member. Babies and children are more likely to develop a chronic hepatitis B infection because their young immune systems have trouble getting rid of the virus. If you, or your family, is from an area of the map that is darker blue, you might be at greater risk for hepatitis B infection and should talk to a doctor about getting tested. Why should I be concerned about hepatitis B? Chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious liver disease such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. It's important to get tested because early diagnosis can lead to early treatment which can save your life. Also, people who are infected can spread the virus to others. Since most people don't know they are infected, they are unknowingly spreading it to many other people. If people are not tested, hepatitis B can pass through several generations in one family and throughout the community. One common myth is that hepatitis B can be "inherited" since several generations in one family may be infected. But hepatitis B is NOT a genetic disease -- hepatitis B is caused by a virus, which is often transmitted among family members due to mother-to-child transmission or accidental household exposure to blood. Families can break the cycle of hepatitis B infection by getting tested, vaccinated and treated. Why is hepatitis B so dangerous? Hepatitis B is dangerous because it is a “silent infection” that can infect people without them knowing it. Most people who are infected with hepatitis B are unaware of their infection and can unknowingly pass the virus to others through their blood and infected bodily fluids. For those who become chronically infected, there is an increased risk of developing liver failure, cirrhosis and/or liver cancer later in life. The virus can quietly and continuously attack the liver over many years without being detected.  What is acute hepatitis B? An acute hepatitis B infection may last up to six months (with or without symptoms) and infected persons are able to pass the virus to others during this time. Symptoms of an acute infection may include loss of appetite, joint and muscle pain, low-grade fever, and possible stomach pain. Although most people do not experience symptoms, they can appear 60-150 days after infection, with the average being 3 months. Some people may experience more severe symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin), or a bloated stomach that may cause them to see a health care provider. A simple blood test can tell a person if the hepatitis B virus is in their blood. If you have been diagnosed with acute hepatitis B, the doctor will need to test your blood again in 6 months to figure out if you have recovered, or if you have developed a chronic hepatitis B infection. Until your health care provider confirms that your blood test shows that there is no more hepatitis B virus in your blood, it is important to protect others from a possible infection. It is also important to have your sexual partner(s) and family members (or those you live in close household contact with) tested for hepatitis B. If they have not been infected – and have not received the hepatitis B vaccine – then they should start the hepatitis B vaccine series. People who have acute hepatitis B are not prescribed specific hepatitis B treatment – there is no treatment that will get rid of an acute hepatitis B infection, and most people infected as adults recover on their own. Sometimes, a person with severe symptoms may be hospitalized for general support. Rest and managing symptoms are the primary goals of this medical care. A rare, life-threatening condition called “fulminant hepatitis” can occur with a new acute infection and requires immediate, urgent medical attention since a person can go into sudden liver failure. Simple tips for taking care of your liver during an acute hepatitis B infection are to avoid alcohol, stop or limit smoking, eat healthy foods, avoid greasy or fatty foods, and talk to your health care provider about any medications you are taking (prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, vitamins or herbal supplements) to make sure they are safe for your liver. This is a good time to ask any other questions you may have. The use of vitamins and liver health supplements will likely not assist your recovery and may actually cause more harm than good to the liver. Be sure to follow-up with your health care provider for any additional blood tests that are needed to confirm your recovery from an acute infection. What is chronic hepatitis B? People who test positive for the hepatitis B virus for more than six months (after their first blood test result) are diagnosed as having a chronic infection. This means their immune system was not able to get rid of the hepatitis B virus and it still remains in their blood and liver. There are effective ways to treat and manage a chronic infection, but there is no cure. If you are chronically infected, the virus will likely remain in your blood for the rest of your life. People who have chronic hepatitis B can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Chronic hepatitis B can also lead to serious liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Not every person who is chronically infected will develop serious liver disease. However, they have a greater chance than someone who is not infected. The risk of developing a chronic hepatitis B infection is related to the age at which one first becomes infected with the hepatitis B virus: 90% of infected newborns and babies will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection Up to 50% of infected children (1-5 years) will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection 5-10% of infected adults will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection (that is, 90% will recover) Learning that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection can be very upsetting. Because most people do not have symptoms and can be diagnosed decades after their initial exposure to the hepatitis B virus, it can be a shock and a surprise to be diagnosed with a chronic hepatitis B infection. The good news is that most people with chronic hepatitis B should expect to live a long and healthy life. Infected pregnant women can pass the virus to their newborns during childbirth. Therefore, since the risk of newborns becoming chronically infected at birth is high, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all infants receive the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12-24 hours after birth. If you are pregnant and you know that you are infected, you can make sure that your baby gets the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12-24 hours after delivery! While there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B infection, there are effective drug therapies that can control the hepatitis B virus and stop it from damaging the liver. There are also promising new drugs in the research phase that could provide a cure in the very near future. Although the risk of developing a serious liver disease or liver cancer is higher for those living with chronic hepatitis B than those who are not infected, there are still many simple things a person can do to help reduce their risk. Schedule regular visits every six months (or at least every year) with a liver specialist or a health care provider who is knowledgeable about hepatitis B so they can monitor the health of your liver. Talk to your health care provider about whether treatment for your chronic hepatitis B infection would be helpful in preventing serious liver disease or liver cancer. Make sure that your health care provider screens you for liver cancer during your regular visits since early detection equals more treatment options and a longer life. Avoid or limit alcohol and smoking since both cause a lot of stress to your liver. Eat a healthy diet with lots of vegetables since fried, greasy foods are hard on your liver. What does it mean to be a “chronic carrier”? When someone has a chronic hepatitis B infection, their doctor may refer to them as being a “chronic carrier.” Being a “chronic carrier” means that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection, can pass the virus on to others, and you should be managed by a doctor for your infection. Is there a cure for hepatitis B? Most adults will recover from an acute infection on their own without the need for medication. For adults, children and infants who develop a chronic hepatitis B infection, there is currently no cure. But the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. What options are there to treat my hepatitis B? For an acute infection, there is generally no treatment other than rest and supportive measures to manage any symptoms. For chronic hepatitis B, there are several treatments available. It is important to understand that not everyone with chronic hepatitis B needs treatment. Your doctor will help you decide if you need medication or if you can wait and monitor your condition. There are several antiviral medications that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus from replicating, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These antivirals are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three “first-line” antivirals are recommended: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. For people who do not respond to, or have access to, the first-line antiviral treatments, other options are available: telbivudine (Tyzeka, Sebivo), adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera), and lamivudine (Epivir-HBV, Zeffix, Heptodin). Although the FDA has approved these antivirals for chronic hepatitis B, they do not provide a complete cure. They can, however, greatly decrease the risk of developing liver damage and liver cancer. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic hepatitis B. There are also immunomodulator drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). You and your doctor will need to discuss the treatment options before deciding which one, if any, is best for you. For many people, these medications will decrease or stop the hepatitis B virus. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. For a complete list of FDA approved drugs and other promising drugs in development for hepatitis B, visit our Drug Watch.

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/japanese/general/

• ການດໍາລົງຊີວິດດ້ວຍໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້  ຂ້ອຍຈະເຊົາຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຫຼືບໍ?ຄົນໄວໜຸ່ມທີ່ມີສຸຂະພາບແຂງແຮງ ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໃໝ່ໆຈະສາມາດເຊົາໄດ້ໂດຍບໍ່ມີບັນຫາໃດໆ. ແຕ່ວ່າເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ແລະ ເດັກອ່ອນ ອາດຈະບໍ່ສາມາດເຊົາຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ໄດ້ຢ່າງສົມບູນ. ຄົນໄວໜຸ່ມ – 90% ຂອງໄວໜຸ່ມທີ່ມີສຸຂະພາບແຂງແຮງ ຈະເຊົາຈາກການເປັນໄວຣັສ໌ ແລະ ໄດ້ຮັບການຟື້ນຟູສຸຂະພາບໂດຍບໍ່ມີບັນຫາໃດໆ; 10% ຈະພັດທະນາເປັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ.  ເດັກທີ່ຍັງນ້ອຍ – ຈົນຮອດ 50% ຂອງເດັກທີ່ຍັງນ້ອຍ ທີ່ມີອາຍຸລະຫວ່າງ 1 ຫາ 5 ປີ ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຈະພັດທະນາເປັນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ເດັກອ່ອນ – 90% ຈະກາຍເປັນແບບຊໍາເຮື້ອ; ມີພຽງແຕ່ 10% ເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ຈະສາມາດເຊົາຈາກໄວຣັສ໌. ການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ "ແບບກະທັນຫັນ" ແລະ "ແບບຊໍາເຮື້ອ" ມີຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງກັນແນວໃດ?ການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຖືກພິຈາລະນາວ່າເປັນ “ແບບກະທັນຫັນ” ພາຍໃນໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ຫຼັງຈາກຖືກໄວຣັສ໌. ນີ້ແມ່ນໄລຍະເວລາສະເລ່ຍທີ່ຈະໃຊ້ໃນການຟື້ນຕົວຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ຖ້າທ່ານຍັງກວດພົບວ່າມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ເປັນບວກ (HBsAg+) ຫຼັງຈາກ 6 ເດືອນ, ທ່ານຈະຖືກພິຈາລະນາວ່າມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ "ຊໍາເຮື້ອ", ຊຶ່ງສາມາດມີຢູ່ໃນຮ່າງກາຍຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດ. ຂ້ອຍຈະເປັນໄຂ້ບໍ່ຖ້າຂ້ອຍໄດ້ຮັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນ "ການຕິດເຊື້ອທີ່ເປັນໄພງຽບ” ຍ້ອນວ່າສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ມັນບໍ່ສະແດງອາການ. ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຮູ້ສຶກວ່າຕົນເອງແຂງແຮງ ແລະ ບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າພວກເຂົາຕິດເຊື້ອ, ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ພວກເຂົາສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນແບບບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ. ບາງຄົນອາດຈະມີອາການເລັກນ້ອຍ ເຊັ່ນ: ເປັນໄຂ້, ເມື່ອຍ, ປວດຕາມຂໍ້ ຫຼື ກ້າມເນື້ອ, ຫຼື ບໍ່ຢາກເຂົ້າ ຊຶ່ງເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າເປັນໄຂ້ຫວັດທໍາມະດາ. ເກີດຂຶ້ນໄດ້ສ່ວນໜ້ອຍ ແຕ່ວ່າເປັນອາການທີ່ຮຸນແຮງກວ່າ ເຊັ່ນ: ວິນຫົວແຮງ ແລະ ຮາກ, ຕາ ແລະ ຜີວໜັງເຫຼືອງ (ເອີ້ນວ່າ “ຂີ້ໝາກເຫຼືອງ”), ແລະ ທ້ອງໄຂ່ - ອາການເຫຼົ່ານີ້ ຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວທັນທີ ແລະ ບຸກຄົນດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ອາດຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ພັກຟື້ນຢູ່ໃນໂຮງໝໍ. ຂ້ອຍຈະຮູ້ໄດ້ແນວໃດວ່າຂ້ອຍເຊົາຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ "ແບບກະທັນຫັນ "?ເມື່ອໝໍຂອງທ່ານຢັ້ງຢືນດ້ວຍຜົນຂອງການກວດເລືອດວ່າ ຮ່າງກາຍຂອງທ່ານບໍ່ມີໄວຣັສອີກຕໍ່ໄປ ແລະ ຮ່າງກາຍຂອງທ່ານໄດ້ສ້າງສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງທ່ານ (HBsAb+), ທ່ານຈະໄດ້ຮັບການປົກປ້ອງຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນອະນາຄົດ ແລະ ຈະບໍ່ສາມາດແຜ່ເຊື້ອໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໄດ້ອີກ. ຂ້ອຍຄວນຈະເຮັດແນວໃດຖ້າຂ້ອຍຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ?ຖ້າທ່ານກວດພົບເຫັນໄວຣັສຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທີ່ເປັນບວກ ເປັນໄວລາຫຼາຍກວ່າ 6 ເດືອນ, ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ທ່ານມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ທ່ານຄວນຈະນັດໝໍຊ່ຽວຊານທາງດ້ານການປິ່ນປົວຕັບ (ຊ່ຽວຊານກ່ຽວກັບຕັບ), ຊ່ຽວຊານຜົ້ງທ້ອງ, ຫຼື ໝໍທີ່ຊໍານານກ່ຽບກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ທ່ານໝໍຈະສັ່ງກວດເລືອດ ແລະ ເອໂກເບິ່ງຕັບ ເພື່ອປະເມີນວ່າ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວແນວໃດໃນຮ່າງກາຍຂອງທ່ານ, ແລະ ຕິດຕາມເບິ່ງສຸຂະພາບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ໝໍຂອງທ່ານອາດຈະຕ້ອງການພົບທ່ານປີລະຄັ້ງ ຫຼື ສອງຄັ້ງ ເພື່ອຕິດຕາມເບິ່ງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ພິຈາລະນາວ່າ ທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ດີຫຼືບໍ່.ຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອແບບຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຄວນຈະໄປພົບແພດຂອງພວກເຂົາຢ່າງໜ້ອຍປີລະຄັ້ງ (ຫຼືເລື້ອຍກວ່ານັ້ນ) ເພື່ອເຂົ້າຮັບການດູແລຕິດຕາມສຸຂະພາບຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິ, ເບິ່ງວ່າພວກເຂົາເລີ່ມໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວຫຼືບໍ່. ເຖິງວ່າໄວຣັສ໌ຈະຢູ່ໃນໄລຍະທີ່ບໍ່ຄ່ອຍມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຫຼາຍ ໂດຍເຫັນວ່າມີການທໍາລາຍພຽງເລັກນ້ອຍ ຫຼື ບໍ່ມີການທໍາລາຍເລີຍ, ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ສາມາດປ່ຽນແປງໄດ້ຕາມໄລຍະເວລາ ຊຶ່ງນີ້ແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ການຕິດຕາມຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນ. ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ສາມາດມີຊີວິດໄດ້ຍືນຍາວ ແລະ ມີຕັບທີ່ແຂງແຮງ. ເມື່ອທ່ານຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ໄວຣັສ໌ອາດຈະຢູ່ໃນເລືອດຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ຕັບຂອງທ່ານຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດ. ສິ່ງສຳຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງຮູ້ວ່າ ທ່ານສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນ, ເຖິງວ່າທ່ານບໍ່ຮູ້ສຶກວ່າເຈັບປ່ວຍກໍ່ຕາມ. ນີ້ແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ເປັນຫຍັງຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນຫຼາຍໃນການໃຫ້ຄົນໃນຄົວເຮືອນທີ່ໃກ້ຊິດທຸກຄົນ ແລະ ຄູ່ຮ່ວມເພດ ໄດ້ຮັບການສັກວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ການກວດສຸຂະພາບອັນໃດທີ່ຈະຖືກໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຕິດຕາມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂອງຂ້ອຍ?ການກວດທົ່ວໄປທີ່ທ່ານໝໍໃຊ້ ໃນການຕິດຕາມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂອງທ່ານ ປະກອບດ້ວຍ ແຜນກວດເລືອດຊອກຫາພະຍາດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້, ການກວດໜ້າທີ່ການເຮັດວຽກຂອງຕັບ (ALT, AST), ສານກະຕຸ້ນການສ້າງສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານ-ອີ ເຮປາຕິດ ບີ້ (HBeAg), ສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານໃນຮ່າງກາຍ-ອີ ເຮປາຕິດ ບີ້ (HBeAb), ການບອກຈໍານວນ DNA ໃນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ (ປະລິມານຂອງໄວຣັສ໌), ແລະ ການສຶກສາພາບຖ່າຍຂອງຕັບ (ຄື້ນສຽງ, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] ຫຼື CT ສະແກນ). ມີວິທີປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອບໍ?ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ, ຍັງບໍ່ມີການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ແຕ່ຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ມີການປິ່ນປົວທີ່ສາມາດຊ່ວຍຫລຸດຜ່ອນການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຂອງພະຍາດຕັບໃນຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ ໂດຍການເຮັດໃຫ້ໄວຣັສ໌ວິວັດຊ້າລົງ. ຖ້າວ່າໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ວິວັດຊ້າລົງ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍໜ້ອຍລົງ. ບາງຄັ້ງ, ຢາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ສາມາດຂ້າໄວຣັສ໌ໄດ້ ເຖິງວ່າຈະບໍ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນເລື້ອຍໆກໍ່ຕາມ. ດ້ວຍທຸກການວິໄຈໃໝ່ທີ່ໜ້າຕື່ນເຕັ້ນ, ມີຄວາມຫວັງຢ່າງຍິ່ງວ່າ ຈະສາມາດພົບວິທີປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອໃນອະນາຄົດອັນໃກ້ນີ້. ເຂົ້າ ເບິ່ງຢາ (Drug Watch) ເພື່ອຊອກລາຍຊື່ຢາຕ່າງໆທີ່ມີຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ໃນການພັດທະນາ. ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງບໍ?ການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ ຕົກຢູ່ໃນສອງປະເພດທົ່ວໄປ, ການຕຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ ແລະ ການສ້າງພູມຕ້ານທານ: ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ - ສິ່ງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຢາ ທີ່ຢຸດການວິວັດຂອງໄວຣັສ໌ ຫຼື ເຮັດໃຫ້ໄວຣັສ໌ຂະຫຍາຍໂຕຊ້າລົງ, ຊຶ່ງຈະຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການອັກເສບ ແລະ ທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ສິ່ງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຈະຕ້ອງກິນຢາມື້ລະເມັດເປັນເວລາຢ່າງໜ້ອຍ 1 ປີ, ຊຶ່ງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນຈະດົນກວ່າ. ມີຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງຈາກ FDA, ແຕ່ວ່າມີພຽງແຕ່ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ສາມໂຕຫຼັກທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາໃຫ້ໃຊ້ໃນການປິ່ນປົວ ຄື: ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ດີໂຊໂປຣຊິນ (tenofovir disoproxil) (Viread/TDF), ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ອາລາຟີນາໄມດ໌ (tenofovir alafenamide) (Vemlidy/TAF) ແລະ ເອັນຕີຄາເວຍ໌ (Entecavir) (ບາຣາຄລູດ (Baraclude)). ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ແຖວໜ້າແມ່ນຢາທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາ ຍ້ອນວ່າພວກມັນປອດໄພກວ່າ ແລະ ມີປະສິດທິຜົນທີ່ສຸດ. ພວກມັນຍັງມີປະຫວັດການດື້ຢາດີກວ່າຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ໂຕເກົ່າ, ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ເມື່ອພວກມັນຖືກໃຊ້ຕາມການຊີ້ນໍາຂອງແພດ, ແມ່ນຈະມີໂອກາດກາຍພັນຂອງໄວຣັສ໌ ແລະ ການດື້ຢາໄດ້ໜ້ອຍ. ການສ້າງສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ມັນມີຄວາມຫຍຸ້ງຍາກວ່າໃນການປິ່ນປົວ ແລະ ຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌. ຢາອິມມູໂນໂມດູເລເຕີ - ສິ່ງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຢາທີ່ຊ່ວຍສົ່ງເສີມລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານ ຊ່ວຍໃນການຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ພວກມັນແມ່ນຢາສັກຕະຫຼອດໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ຫາ 1 ປີ. ຢາທີ່ສັ່ງຈ່າຍສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນປະກອບດ້ວຍ ອິນເຕີເຟີຣອນ ອານຟາ-2b (ອິນທຣອນເອ, Intron A) ແລະ ພີກູເລຕິດ ອິນເຟີຣອນ (pegylated interferon (ພີກາຊີສ, Pegasys). ນີ້ເປັນພຽງແຕ່ການປິ່ນປົວທີ່ແນະນໍາສໍາລັບຄົນເຈັບທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອຮ່ວມກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບ. ຢາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໃຫ້ການ “ປິ່ນປົວ” ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອບໍ?
ເຖິງວ່າພວກມັນຈະບໍ່ໃຫ້ການປິ່ນປົວແບບສົມບູນກໍ່ຕາມ, ການປິ່ນປົວໃນປັດຈຸບັນຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ໄວຣັສ໌ຂະຫຍາຍໂຕຊ້າລົງ ແລະ ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງຂອງການເປັນພະຍາດຕັບທີ່ຮຸນແຮງຂຶ້ນກວ່າເກົ່າໃນໄລຍະຕໍ່ໄປຂອງການໃຊ້ຊີວິດ. ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນເຈັບຮູ້ສຶກດີຂຶ້ນໃນພາຍສອງສາມເດືອນ ຍ້ອນວ່າການທໍາລາຍຂອງຕັບຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ແມ່ນຫຼຸດລົງ ຫຼືໃນບາງກໍລະນີແມ່ນກົງກັນຂ້າມ ເມື່ອກິນຢາໃນໄລຍະຍາວ. ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ບໍ່ແມ່ນການຢຸດ ແລະ ການເລີ່ມໃໝ່, ຊຶ່ງແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ເປັນຫຍັງການປະເມີນຜົນຢ່າງຮອບຄອບຂອງແພດທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ສະເພາະດ້ານຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນ ກ່ອນຈະເລີ່ມມີການປິ່ນປົວ HBV ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ຖ້າຂ້ອຍມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຂ້ອຍຄວນຈະໄດ້ຮັບການດູແລສຸຂະພາບບ?ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າ ບໍ່ແມ່ນທຸກຄົນທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວດ້ວຍຢາ. ທ່ານຄວນຈະໂອ້ລົມກັບທ່ານໝໍຂອງທ່ານວ່າ ທ່ານເປັນຜູ່ທີ່ຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍຢາຫຼືບໍ່. ທ່ານ ແລະ ທ່ານໝໍຂອງທ່ານຈະຕັດສິນໃຈວ່າ ທ່ານຄວນຈະໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວຫຼືບໍ່, ທ່ານຄວນຈະເຂົ້າພົບຊ່ຽວຊານສະເພາະຕັບຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິ ຫຼື ແພດທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ກ່ຽວກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ຈະມີຄວາມປອດໄພບໍໃນການບໍາບັດການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ດ້ວຍຢາ ສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມບໍ?ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ມີຄວາມສົນໃຈໃຊ້ຢາສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມ ເພື່ອສົ່ງເສີມລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານຂອງພວກເຂົາ ແລະ ຊ່ວຍຕັບຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ບັນຫາແມ່ນຍັງບໍ່ມີກົດລະບຽບຂອງບໍລິສັດທີ່ຜະລິດສານເຫຼົ່ານີ້, ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ຍັງບໍ່ທັນມີການກວດຢ່າງລະອຽດຖີ່ຖ້ວນສໍາລັບຄວາມປອດໄພ ຫຼື ຄວາມບໍລິສຸດ. ສະນັ້ນ, ຄຸນນະພາບຂອງການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມວິຕາມິນ ອາດຈະມີຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັນນັ້ນ, ການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພບາງຊະນິດສາມາດມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ຢາໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທີ່ແພດສັ່ງ ຫຼື ເງື່ອນໄຂອື່ນໆ; ມີບາງຊະນິດອາດຈະທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພເຫຼົ່ານີ້ ຈະບໍ່ປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ມີຫຼາຍບໍລິສັດທີ່ໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ຜິດພາດຜ່ານທາງອິນເຕີເນັດ ແລະ ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານຂອງສັງຄົມກ່ຽວກັບຜະລິດຕະພັນຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ການຮ້ອງຮຽນທາງອອນລາຍ໌ ແລະ ການນຳສະເຫນີໂດຍການຮັບຮອງຂອງຄົນເຈັບຢູ່ເທິງເຟສ໌ບຸກ ເປັນສິ່ງຫຼອກລວງ ແລະ ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ເພື່ອຕັວະຍັວະຄົນໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໄປຊື້ຢາສະໝຸນໄພ ແລະ ອາຫານເສີມທີ່ມີລາຄາແພງ. ຈົ່ງຈື່ໄວ້ວ່າ, ຖ້າຮູ້ສຶກວ່າມັນເກີນຄວາມເປັນຈິງ ນັ້ນໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ມັນບໍ່ແມ່ນຄວາມຈິງ. ລຸ່ມນີ້ແມ່ນຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ໜ້າເຊື່ອຖືກ່ຽວກັບສະໝຸນໄພ ແລະ ຢາປິ່ນປົວຫຼາຍຊະນິດ. ຂໍ້ມູນນີ້ແມ່ນອີງໃສ່ປະກົດການທາງວິທະຍາສາດ, ຊຶ່ງບໍ່ແມ່ນການໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານທີ່ຜິດພາດ. ຈົ່ງກວດເບິ່ງວ່າສ່ວນປະສົມໃນຢາສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມຂອງທ່ານແມ່ນເປັນຄວາມຈິງ ແລະ ປອດໄພຕໍ່ຕັບຂອງທ່ານຫຼືບໍ່. ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນຕ້ອງປົກປ້ອງຕັບຂອງທ່ານຈາກອາການເຈັບປວດ ຫຼື ອັນຕະລາຍເພີ່ມເຕີມ. ວິທີການດູແລຕັບໃຫ້ແຂງແຮງ ສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອມີຫຍັງແດ?ບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ອາດຈະ ຫຼືອາດຈະບໍ່ຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍຢາ. ແຕ່ວ່າຍັງມີຫຼາຍຢ່າງທີ່ຄົນເຈັບສາມາດເຮັດໄດ້ ເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງຕັບຂອງພວກເຂົາ ແລະ ສົ່ງເສີມສຸຂະພາບຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ລຸ່ມນີ້ແມ່ນບັນດາທາງເລືອກທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ສຸຂະພາບດີ 10 ຢ່າງ ທີ່ສາມາດເລີ່ມເຮັດໄດ້ຈາກມື້ນີ້! ນັດພົບຊ່ຽວຊານຕັບ ຫຼື ຜູ່ດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານເປັນປົກກະຕິ ເພື່ອເບິ່ງແຍງສຸຂະພາບ ແລະ ສຸຂະພາບຂອງຕັບຂອງທ່ານໃຫ້ດີທີ່ສຸດ. ສັກວັກຊີນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບ A ເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນທ່ານຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ອື່ນໆທີ່ເຂົ້າໂຈມຕີຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງດື່ມເຫຼົ້າ ແລະ ສູບຢາ ຍ້ອນວ່າທັງສອງຢ່າງນັ້ນຈະທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ຊຶ່ງວ່າມັນກໍ່ກໍາລັງໄດ້ຮັບອັນຕະລາຍຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຢູ່ແລ້ວ. ໂອ້ລົມກັບຜູ່ດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານກ່ອນຈະເລີ່ມເຂົ້າຮັບການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມວິຕາມິມ ຍ້ອນວ່າຢາບາງຊະນິດອາດຈະແຊກແຊງການເຮັດວຽກຂອງຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທີ່ແພດສັ່ງ ຫຼືອາດຈະສາມາດທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານໄດ້. ຈົ່ງສອບຖາມກັບແພດຈ່າຍຢາຂອງທ່ານກ່ຽວກັບຢາທີ່ສາມາດຊື້ໄດ້ຕາມຮ້ານຂາຍຢາ (ຕົວຢ່າງ: ອາຊີໂຕມີໂນຟິນ, ຢາແກ້ປວດ) ຫຼື ຢາແພດສັ່ງທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ກ່ອນຈະກິນ ເພື່ອໝັ້ນໃຈວ່າພວກມັນປອດໄພສໍາລັບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ຍ້ອນວ່າຢາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ສ່ວນຫຼາຍຈະໄປຜ່ານການເຮັດວຽກຂອງຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງດົມເອົາສານລະເຫີຍຈາກສີ, ທິນເນີທີ່ໃຊ້ປະສົມສີ, ກາວ, ຜະລິດຕະພັນເຮັດຄວາມສະອາດພາຍໃນບ້ານ, ນໍ້າຢາລ້າງເລັບ, ແລະ ສານເຄມີທີ່ເປັນພິດອື່ນໆ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານໄດ້. ກິນອາຫານທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ມີສຸຂະພາບດີ ເຊັ່ນ ໝາກໄມ້, ທັນຍາພືດ, ປາ ແລະ ຊີ້ນທີ່ບໍ່ຕິດມັນ, ແລະ ກິນຜັກຫຼາຍໆ. “ບັນດາຜັກທີ່ເປັນດອກ” ເຊັ່ນ -- ກະລໍ່າປີ, ບຣັອກໂຄລີ, ດອກຜັກກາດຂາວ -- ບັນດາຜັກເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຊ່ວຍໃນການປົກປ້ອງຕັບຈາກສານເຄມີຢູ່ໃນສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງການກິນຫອຍດິບ ຫຼື ຫອຍທີ່ປຸງບໍ່ສຸກ (ຕົວຢ່າງ: ຫອຍແຄລັມ, ຫອຍແມງພູ່, ຫອຍອອຍສ໌ເຕີ, ຫອຍກີ້) ຍ້ອນວ່າພວກມັນອາດຈະມີການປົນເປື້ອນຂອງບັກເຕີຣີທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ ວີບຣີໂອ ວູນນີຟີຄັສ (Vibrio vulnificus), ຊຶ່ງເປັນພິດຢ່າງຍິ່ງຕໍ່ຕັບ ແລະ ສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍ. ສັງເກດເບິ່ງເຊື້ອລາຢູ່ໃນຖົ່ວຕ່າງໆ, ສາລີ, ຖົ່ວດິນ, ເຂົ້າຟາງ ແລະ ທັນຍາພືດ ກ່ອນຈະໃຊ້ອາຫານເຫຼົ່ານີ້. ເຊື້ອຮາມີແນວໂນ້ມວ່າຈະເປັນບັນຫາ ຖ້າວ່າອາຫານຖືກເກັບໄວ້ຢູ່ບ່ອນທີ່ປຽກຊຸ່ມ ແລະ ອັດບໍ່ດີ. ຖ້າວ່າມີເຊື້ອລາ, ອາຫານຈະປົນເປື້ອນດ້ວຍ “ອາຟລາທັອກຊິນ,” ຊຶ່ງເປັນປັດໃຈຄວາມສ່ຽງທີ່ຮູ້ກັນດີສໍາລັບມະເຮັງຕັບ. ຫຼຸດລະດັບຄວາມຮຸນແຮງຂອງພະຍາດ ໂດຍການກິນອາຫານເພື່ອສຸຂະພາບ, ອອກກໍາລັງກາຍຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ພັກຜ່ອນຫຼາຍໆ. ຈົ່ງຈື່ໄວ້ວ່າ ທຸກຢ່າງທີ່ທ່ານກິນ, ດື່ມ, ຫາຍໃຈ ຫຼື ດູດຊຶມຜ່ານຜີວໜັງ ສຸດທ້າຍຈະຕ້ອງຜ່ານຕັບເພື່ອກັ່ນຕອງ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ, ຕ້ອງປ້ອງກັນຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານ! ຖ້າຂ້ອຍມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂ້ອຍຈະບໍລິຈາກເລືອດໄດ້ບໍ? ບໍ່ໄດ້ ທະນາຄານເລືອດຈະບໍ່ຮັບເລືອດທີ່ມີເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້, ເຖິງວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ເຊົາຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນກໍຕາມ. Living with Hepatitis B Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection?Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B.  Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus. What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection?A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime. Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection?Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others. What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B?If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment. All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B?Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B?Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B?Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B?
Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication?It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection?Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tips are there for those living with chronic hepatitis B?People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver.  Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest.  Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/laotian/chronichepb/

• ຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປ  ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນຫຍັງ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນການຕິດເຊື້ອຢູ່ໃນຕັບທີ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນທົ່ວໂລກ. ມັນເກີດຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ (HBV) ຊຶ່ງເຂົ້າໄປທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ມັນສາມາດຕິດເຊື້ອຜ່ານທາງກະແສເລືອດ, ການມີເພດສໍາພັນທີ່ບໍ່ມີການປ້ອງກັນ, ໃຊ້ເຂັມຮ່ວມກັນ ຫຼື ໃຊ້ເຂັມທີ່ໃຊ້ແລ້ວ, ແລະ ຕິດເຊື້ອຈາກແມ່ໄປຫາລູກຂອງລາວໃນເວລາຖືພາ ຫຼື ອອກລູກ. ຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອທຸກຄົນສາມາດຫາຍຂາດຈາກການຕິດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄດ້ ໂດຍບໍ່ມີບັນຫາໃດ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ, ຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ບາງຄົນ, ເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ແລະ ເດັກນ້ອຍທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອທຸກຄົນ ອາດຈະບໍ່ສາມາດຫາຍຂາດຈາກການຕິດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ຈະຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍ້າເຮື້ອ (ຈົນກວ່າຈະເສັຍຊີວິດ). ຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ມີວັກຊີນທີ່ປອດໄພ ໃນການປ້ອງກັນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ການປິ່ນປົວໃໝ່ໃຫ້ແກ່ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລ້ວ. ມີຈັກຄົນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້?ຢູ່ໃນທົ່ວໂລກ, ມີ 2 ຕື້ຄົນ (1 ໃນ 3 ຄົນ) ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້; ແລະ 257 ລ້ານຄົນເປັນຄົນເຈັບຕັບອັກເສບຊໍາເຮື້ອ (ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ພວກເຂົາບໍ່ສາມາດຫາຍຂາດຈາກໄວຣັສໄດ້).ປະມານ 700,000 ຄົນ ເສຍຊີວິດໃນແຕ່ລະປີຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ອາການແຊກຊ້ອນຂອງມັນ. ເປັນຫຍັງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຈຶ່ງພົບເຫັນຢູ່ຫຼາຍບ່ອນໃນທົ່ວໂລກ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສາມາດຕິດແປດກັບບຸກຄົນຜູ່ໃດກໍ່ໄດ້ ໃນທຸກອາຍຸ ຫຼື ທຸກຊົນເຜົ່າ, ແຕ່ວ່າ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ພົບເຫັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ທະວີບ ອາຊີ, ອາຟຣິກາ ແລະ ອາເມລິກາເໜືອ, ຢຸໂຣບຕາເວັນອອກ, ແລະ ຕາເວັນອອກກາງ ຊຶ່ງເປັນບັນດາພາກພື້ນທີ່ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງສູງໃນການຕິດເຊື້ອ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຍັງພົບເຫັນທົ່ວໄປໃນຄົນອາເມລິກາທີ່ເກີດ (ຫຼື ພໍ່ແມ່ເກີດ) ໃນພາກພື້ນເຫຼົ່ານີ້. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນພົບເຫັນໄດ້ທົ່ວໄປໃນບາງພາກພື້ນຂອງໂລກ ຍ້ອນວ່າມີຫຼາຍຄົນໄດ້ຕິດເຊື້ອ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ແລ້ວ ໃນເຂດພາກພື້ນເຫຼົ່ານີ້. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ບໍ່ແມ່ນ “ພະຍາດຂອງຄົນເອເຊຍ” ຫຼື “ພະຍາດຂອງຄົນອັຟຣິກັນ”, ມັນກະທົບຕໍ່ຄົນຫຼາຍຮ້ອຍລ້ານຄົນຈາກພາກພື້ນນີ້ - ສະນັ້ນ ຈຶ່ງມີຄົນຫຼາຍຄົນທີ່ສາມາດສົ່ງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຈຶ່ງເພີ່ມຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການຕິດເຊື້ອໃຫ້ແກ່ທ່ານ. ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ມີຊາວຕາເວັນຕົກ ຈໍານວນໜ້ອຍທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ, ສະນັ້ນ ກຸ່ມຄົນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄດ້ໜ້ອຍກວ່າ. ຢູ່ໃນຫຼາຍພາກພື້ນ ທີ່ພົບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທົ່ວໄປ, ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຈາກແມ່ ຊຶ່ງບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າລາວໄດ້ສົ່ງໄວຣັສ໌ເຂົ້າໃຫ້ລູກຂອງລາວໃນເວລາໃຫ້ກໍາເນີດ. ເດັກອ່ອນ ຍັງມີຄວາມສ່ຽງຖ້າວ່າພວກເຂົາອາໃສຢູ່ໃກ້ຊິດກັບສະມາຊິກໃນຄອບຄົວທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ. ເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ແລະ ເດັກນ້ອຍ ມີແນວໂນ້ມທີ່ຈະໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ຍ້ອນລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານທີ່ຍັງໜຸ່ມນ້ອຍຂອງພວກເຂົາມີບັນຫາໃນການຕ້ານກັບໄວຣັສ໌. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານ ຫຼື ຄອບຄົວຂອງທ່ານ ແມ່ນມາຈາກພື້ນທີ່ໃນແຜນທີ່ ທີ່ເປັນສີດໍາເຂັ້ມ, ທ່ານອາດຈະໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມສ່ຽງຫຼາຍກວ່າໃນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ຄວນຈະລົມກັບທ່ານໝໍກ່ຽວກັບການກວດຊອກຫາພະຍາດ. ເປັນຫຍັງຂ້ອຍຄວນຈະວິຕົກກັງວົນກ່ຽວກັບຕັບອັກເສບ B?ຕັບອັກເສບ B ຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ສາມາດນໍາໄປສູ່ການເປັນພະຍາດກ່ຽວກັບຕັບຂັ້ນຮ້າຍແຮງ ເຊັ່ນ: ຕັບແຂງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບ. ສິ່ງສຳຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງໄປກວດ ຍ້ອນວ່າການບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດໄດ້ໄວເທົ່າໃດ ກໍ່ສາມາດໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ໄວເທົ່ານັ້ນ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດຮັກສາຊີວິດຂອງທ່ານໄດ້. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ ຍັງສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໄດ້. ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າພວກເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ, ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ພວກເຂົາຈຶ່ງແຜ່ເຊື້ອໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນຫຼາຍຄົນແບບບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ. ຖ້າວ່າພວກເຂົາບໍ່ໄປກວດ, ຕັບອັກເສບ B ສາມາດແຜ່ເຊື້ອໄປໃຫ້ຫຼາຍເຊັ່ນຄົນໃນຄອບຄົວໜຶ່ງ ແລະ ທົ່ວຊຸມຊົນ. ມີເລື່ອງຊາລືກັນໄປວ່າ ຕັບອັກເສບ B ສາມາດ “ສືບທອດທາງກໍາມະພັນ” ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ຫຼາຍເຊັ່ນຄົນໃນຄອບຄົວໜຶ່ງອາດຈະໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ. ແຕ່ວ່າ ຕັບອັກເສບ B ບໍ່ແມ່ນພະຍາດທາງກໍາມະພັນ -- ຕັບອັກເສບ B ແມ່ນເກີດມາຈາກໄວຣັສ, ຊຶ່ງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຈະຕິດຕໍ່ຜ່ານສະມາຊິກໃນຄອບຄົວຈາກແມ່ຫາລູກ ຫຼື ຈາກການສໍາພັດທາງເລືອດຢູ່ໃນຄອບຄົວແບບບັງເອີນ. ບັນດາຄອບຄົວເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນ ສາມາດຢຸດວົງຈອນການຕິດເຊື້ອຈາກ ຕັບອັກເສບ B ໄດ້ໂດຍການເຂົ້າໄປກວດ, ສັກວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ ປິ່ນປົວ. ເປັນຫຍັງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຈຶ່ງເປັນອັນຕະລາຍ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນມີອັນຕະລາຍ ຍ້ອນວ່າມັນແມ່ນ “ພະຍາດງຽບ” ທີ່ສາມາດຕິດຕໍ່ຈາກຄົນສູ່ຄົນໂດຍບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ.ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າພວກເຂົາຕິດເຊື້ອ ແລະ ສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໂດຍບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕຜ່ານທາງກະແສເລືອດ ແລະ ທາດແຫລວໃນຮ່າງກາຍທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ. ສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຈະມີຄວາມສ່ຽງເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ເປັນພະຍາດຕັບແຂງ ແລະ/ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບໃນຕອນທ້າຍຂອງຊີວິດ. ໄວຣັສ໌ສາມາດເຂົ້າຫາຕັບໄດ້ຢ່າງວ່ອງໄວ ແລະ ຕໍ່ເນື່ອງໃນໄລຍະເວລາຫຼາຍປີ ໂດຍທີ່ບໍ່ສາມາດສືບຫາໄດ້. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນເປັນແນວໃດ?ການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ແບບກະທັນຫັນ ອາດຈະຢູ່ໄດ້ຮອດຫົກເດືອນ (ມີ ຫຼື ບໍ່ມີອາການ) ແລະ ຄົນທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໃນໄລຍະເວລາດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້. ອາການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນ ອາດຈະມີອາການເຫຼົ່ານີ້: ການເບື່ອອາຫານ, ປວດຄໍ່ກະດູກ ແລະ ກ້າມເນື້ອ, ເປັນໄຂ້ຕໍ່າ, ແລະ ອາດຈະມີອາການເຈັບທ້ອງ. ເຖິງວ່າ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຈະບໍ່ສະແດງອາການ, ພວກເຂົາສາມາດສະແດງອາການໄດ້ພາຍໃນ 60-150 ວັນ ຫຼັງຈາກຕິດເຊື້ອ, ໂດຍສະເລ່ຍແມ່ນ 3 ເດືອນ. ບາງຄົນອາດຈະມີອາການຮຸນແຮງຂຶ້ນ ເຊັ່ນ: ວິນຫົວ, ຮາກ, ຕົວເຫຼືອງ (ຕາ ແລະ ຜີວໜັງເຫຼືອງ), ຫຼື ທ້ອງໄຂ່ ຊຶ່ງພວກເຂົາຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮັບການດູແລສຸຂະພາບຈາກທ່ານໝໍ. ການກວດເລືອດແບບງ່າຍໆກໍ່ສາມາດບອກໄດ້ວ່າ ບຸກຄົນດັ່ງກ່າວມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຢູ່ໃນເລືອດຂອງພວກເຂົາຫຼືບໍ່. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບການບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າ ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ແບບກະທັນຫັນ, ທ່ານໝໍຈະຕ້ອງກວດເລືອດຂອງທ່ານອີກຄັ້ງໜຶ່ງໃນໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ເພື່ອກວດພົບວ່າທ່ານດີຂຶ້ນບໍ່, ຫຼືວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ຈົນກວ່າທ່ານໝໍດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານຈະຢັ້ງຢືນວ່າ ທ່ານບໍ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນເລືອດອີກຕໍ່ໄປ, ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນຈະຕ້ອງປົກປ້ອງຄົນອື່ນຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອທີ່ອາດເກີດຂຶ້ນໄດ້. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງໃຫ້ຄູ່ຮ່ວມເພດສໍາພັນ ແລະ ສະມາຊິກໃນຄອບຄົວຂອງທ່ານ (ຫຼື ຜູ່ທີ່ອາໃສຢູ່ພາຍໃນຄົວເຮືອນທີ່ໃກ້ຊິດກັບທ່ານ) ໄດ້ຮັບການກວດຫາໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ຖ້າວ່າພວກເຂົາບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ - ແລະບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບວັກຊີນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ - ພວກເຂົາຄວນຈະເລີ່ມໄດ້ຮັບການສີດວັກຊີນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຄົບຊຸດ. ຜູ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນ ຈະບໍ່ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສະເພາະ - ບໍ່ມີການປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ, ແລະ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອທີ່ເປັນຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ ຈະດີຂຶ້ນດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ. ບາງຄັ້ງ, ຄົນທີ່ມີອາການຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງອາດຈະໄດ້ຮັບການເບິ່ງແຍງຢູ່ໂຮງໝໍ ເພື່ອຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອແບບທົ່ວໄປ. ການພັກຜ່ອນ ແລະ ການບໍລິຫານອາການເຈັບປ່ວຍ ແມ່ນເປົ້າໝາຍຫຼັກໃນການປິ່ນປົວສຸຂະພາບນີ້. ເຫດການທີ່ບໍ່ຄ່ອຍພົບເຫັນ ເອີ້ນວ່າ “ຕັບອັກເສບ ຫຼື ຕັບວາຍ” ສາມາດເກີດຂຶ້ນໄດ້ຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນແບບໃໝ່ ແລະ ຕ້ອງການຄວາມເອົາໃຈໃສ່ດ້ານສຸຂະພາບທັນທີ, ແບບຮີບດ່ວນ ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ຮ່າງກາຍຂອງບຸກຄົນດັ່ງກ່າວອາດຈະຖືກທໍາລາຍຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຢ່າງກະທັນຫັນ. ວິທີການງ່າຍໆໃນການດູແລຕັບຂອງທ່ານໃນໄລຍະທີ່ມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນ ແມ່ນຫຼີກລ່ຽງການກິນເຫລົ້າ, ຢຸດ ຫຼື ຫ້າມສູບຢາ, ກິນອາຫານເພື່ອສຸຂະພາບ, ຫຼີກລ່ຽງອາຫານມັນ ຫຼື ມີໄຂມັນ, ແລະ ປຶກສາກັບຜູ່ໃຫ້ການດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານກ່ຽວກັບຢາທີ່ທ່ານຈະຕ້ອງກິນ (ການສັ່ງຢາ, ຢາທີ່ຊື້ຢູ່ຮ້ານຂາຍຢາ, ວິຕາມິນ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມທີ່ເປັນສະໝຸນໄພ) ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໝັ້ນໃຈວ່າ ພວກມັນປອດໄພກັບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ນີ້ແມ່ນເວລາທີ່ດີໃນການຖາມຄໍາຖາມຕ່າງໆທີ່ທ່ານຢາກຮູ້. ການໃຊ້ວິຕາມິນ ແລະ ອາຫານເສີມສຸຂະພາບຂອງຕັບ ອາດຈະບໍ່ຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ທ່ານອາການດີຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ອາດຈະທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ຫຼາຍກວ່າທີ່ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ອາການດີຂຶ້ນ. ຈົ່ງປະຕິບັດຕາມຄໍາແນະນໍາຂອງທ່ານໝໍຂອງທ່ານ ເພື່ອກວດເລືອດເພີ່ມເຕີມ ຊຶ່ງມີຄວາມຈໍາເປັນໃນການຢັ້ງຢືນອາການຂອງທ່ານຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນ.ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ຊໍາເຮື້ອເປັນແນວໃດ?ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການກວດເລືອດ ແລະ ພົບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນໄລຍະເວລາຫຼາຍກວ່າຫົກເດືອນ (ຫຼັງຈາກການກວດເລືອດຄັ້ງທໍາອິດຂອງພວກເຂົາ) ແມ່ນຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າ ມີການຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ນີ້ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານຂອງພວກເຂົາ ບໍ່ສາມາດຕໍ່ສູ້ກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄດ້ ແລະ ເຊື້ອຍັງຢູ່ໃນກະແສເລືອດ ແລະ ຕັບຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ມີວິທີການທີ່ມີປະສິດທິຜົນໃນການປິ່ນປົວ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມການຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ແຕ່ບໍ່ມີວິທີປິ່ນປົວໃຫ້ດີຖາວອນ. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ໄວຣັສ໌ອາດຈະຍັງມີຢູໃນເລືອດຂອງທ່ານຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດ. ຜູ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ສາມາດສົ່ງໄວຣັສໃຫ້ບຸກຄົນອື່ນແບບບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຍັງສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ເປັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ, ເຊັ່ນ: ຕັບແຂງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບ. ບໍ່ແມ່ນທຸກຄົນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍ້າເຮື້ອຈະເປັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ, ພວກເຂົາກໍ່ມີໂອກາດຫຼາຍກວ່າຜູທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ. ຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ແມ່ນກ່ຽວກັບອາຍຸທີ່ຄົນຜູ່ໜຶ່ງໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຄັ້ງທໍາອິດດ້ວຍໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້: 90% ຂອງເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ ແລະ ເດັກອ່ອນ ຈະພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຮອດ 50% ຂອງເດັກນ້ອຍທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ (1-5 ປີ) ຈະພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ 5-10% ຂອງຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຈະພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ (ນັ້ນແມ່ນ, 90% ຈະເຊົາ) ຮຽນຮູ້ວ່າ ທ່ານມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ໃຈຮ້າຍ. ຍ້ອນວ່າຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ບໍ່ມີອາການ ແລະ ສາມາດບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດໄດ້ຫຼັງຈາກໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ເປັນເວລາຮອດສິບປີ, ເມື່ອຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າ ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ອາດຈະຮູ້ສຶກຕົກໃຈ ແລະ ປະຫລາດໃຈ. ຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຄວນຄາດວ່າຈະດໍາລົງຊີວິດຢູ່ໄດ້ຍາວນານ ແລະ ມີສຸຂະພາບດີ. ແມ່ຍິງຖືພາທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ລູກເກີດໃໝ່ໃນເວລາອອກລູກ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ, ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອແລ້ວເປັນອັກເສບຕັບຊໍາເຮື້ອຂອງເດັກອ່ອນໃນເວລາເກີດແມ່ນມີສູງ, ທັງອົງການອານາໄມໂລກ (World Health Organization (WHO)) ແລະ ສູນຄວບຄຸມ ແລະ ປ້ອງກັນພະຍາດຂອງສະຫະຣັຖ (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)) ແນະນໍາໃຫ້ເດັກອ່ອນທຸກຄົນໄດ້ຮັບວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຄັ້ງທໍາອິດ ພາຍໃນ 12-24 ຊົ່ວໂລກ ຫຼັງຈາກເກີດຂຶ້ນມາ. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານຖືກພາ ແລະ ທ່ານຮູ້ວ່າທ່ານຕິດເຊື້ອ, ທ່ານຕ້ອງໃຫ້ລູກຂອງທ່ານສັກວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຄັ້ງທໍາອິດພາຍໃນ 12-24 ຊົ່ວໂມງຫຼັງຈາກເກີດອອກມາ! ຍ້ອນວ່າບໍ່ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ແຕ່ວ່າມີຢາບໍາບັດທີ່ມີປະສິດທິພາບທີ່ສາມາດຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄດ້ ແລະ ສາມາດຢຸດການທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ ໃນອະນາຄົດອັນໃກ້ໆນີ້ ຍັງອາດຈະມີຢາໃໝ່ໆເກີດຂຶ້ນຈາກການວິໃຈທີ່ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວພະຍາດນີ້ໄດ້. ເຖິງວ່າຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການພັດທະນາເປັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບ ຂອງຄົນທີ່ເປັນພະຍາດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ແມ່ນມີສູງກວ່າຜູ່ທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຕິດເຊື້ອ, ແຕ່ຍັງມີສິ່ງງ່າຍດາຍຫຼາຍຢ່າງທີ່ຄົນຜູ່ໜຶ່ງສາມາດເຮັດໄດ້ເພື່ອຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ນັດພົບຊ່ຽວຊານສະເພາະທາງດ້ານຕັບ ຫຼື ຜູ່ໃຫ້ການເບິ່ງສຸຂະພາບ ເປັນປະຈໍາທຸກໆຫົກເດືອນ (ຫຼື ຢ່າງໜ້ອຍປີລະຄັ້ງ) ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜູ່ທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ກ່ຽວກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ເພື່ອໃຫ້ພວກເຂົາສາມາດຕິດຕາມສະພາບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ໂອ້ລົມກັບຜູ່ຈັດຫາການດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານວ່າ ການປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອຂອງທ່ານ ຈະມີປະໂຫຍດໃນການປ້ອງກັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບຫຼືບໍ່. ຕ້ອງໃຫ້ຜູ່ດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານກວດສຸຂະພາບຂັດກອງຫາມະເຮັງຕັບຂັ້ນຕົ້ນໃນເວລາເຂົ້າໄປປຶກສາ ຍ້ອນວ່າການກວດຫາພະຍາດແຕ່ຫົວທີ ຈະສາມາດມີທາງເລືອກໃນການປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ຫຼາຍກວ່າ ແລະ ມີຊີວິດທີ່ຍືນຍາວກວ່າ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງ ຫຼື ດື່ມສິ່ງມຶນເມົາ ແລະ ສູບຢາໃຫ້ໜ້ອຍລົງ ຍ້ອນວ່າທັງສອງຢ່າງນັ້ນເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຂອງທ່ານເຮັດວຽກໜັກຂຶ້ນ. ກິນອາການທີ່ດີຕໍ່ສຸຂະພາບ ໂດຍສະເພາະກິນຜັກໃຫ້ຫຼາຍໆ ຍ້ອນວ່າອາຫານປະເພດທອດ ແລະ ມີໄຂມັນ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຂອງທ່ານເຮັດວຽກໜັກ. “ຜູ່ຖືເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ” ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າແນວໃດ?ຖ້າວ່າມີຄົນໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ທ່ານໝໍຂອງພວກເຂົາອາດຈະໃຫ້ຄໍາເຫັນວ່າພວກເຂົາເປັນ “ຜູ່ ຖືເຊື້ອພະຍາດຊໍາເຮື້ອ”. ການເປັນ “ຜູ່ຖືເຊື້ອພະຍາດຊໍາເຮື້ອ” ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ທ່ານສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນ, ແລະ ທ່ານຄວນຈະໄດ້ຮັບການຄຸ້ມຄອງການຕິດເຊື້ອຂອງທ່ານຈາກທ່ານໝໍ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ບໍ່?ຄົນໜຸ່ມສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຈະຟື້ນໂຕຈາກການໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ ໂດຍບໍ່ຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງມີການປິ່ນປົວ. ສໍາລັບໄວໜຸ່ມ, ເດັກນ້ອຍ ແລະ ເດັກອ່ອນ ຜູ່ທີ່ພັດທະນາເປັນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ປັດຈຸບັນຈະບໍ່ມີການປິ່ນປົວ. ແຕ່ວ່າມີຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ມີການປິ່ນປົວທີ່ສາມາດຊ່ວຍ ເຮັດໃຫ້ການທຳລາຍຕັບຊ້າລົງສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ ໂດຍການເຮັດໃຫ້ການວິວັດຂອງໄວຣັສຊ້າລົງ. ຖ້າວ່າວິວັດການຂອງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊ້າລົງ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍໜ້ອຍລົງ.ດ້ວຍການວິໄຈໃໝ່ໆທີ່ໜ້າຕື່ນເຕັ້ນ, ມີຄວາມຫວັງຢ່າງຍິ່ງວ່າ ຈະມີການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອໃນອະນາຄົດອັນໃກ້ນີ້. ເຂົ້າ ເບິ່ງຢາ (Drug Watch) ເພື່ອຊອກລາຍຊື່ຢາຕ່າງໆທີ່ມີຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ໃນການພັດທະນາ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ດ້ວຍວິທີໃດແດ່?ສໍາລັບການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນ ຈະບໍ່ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວນອກຈາກພັກຜ່ອນ ແລະ ກວດວິເຄາະເພື່ອປີ່ນປົວຕາມອາການຕ່າງໆ. ສໍາລັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ມີການປິ່ນປົວຫຼາຍຢ່າງທີ່ສາມາດພົບເຫັນໄດ້. ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າ ບໍ່ແມ່ນທຸກຄົນທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວ. ແພດຂອງທ່ານຈະຊ່ວຍທ່ານຕັດສິນໃຈວ່າທ່ານຕ້ອງການຢາປິ່ນປົວ ຫຼືວ່າ ທ່ານສາມາດລໍຖ້າ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມອາການຂອງທ່ານ. ມີຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຫຼາຍຊະນິດທີ່ສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ ຫຼື ຢຸດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ບໍ່ໃຫ້ມີບັນຫາແຊກຊ້ອນ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການອັກເສບ ແລະ ທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນການກິນຢາມື້ລະເມັດເປັນເວລາຢ່າງໜ້ອຍ 1 ປີ, ແຕ່ສ່ວນຫຼາຍແລ້ວແມ່ນດົນກວ່ານັ້ນ. ມີຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ U.S. FDA 6 ຊະນິດ ທີ່ໄດ້ຖືກຮັບຮອງ, ແຕ່ວ່າມີແຕ່ຢາ “ແຖວໜ້າ” ສາມຊະນິດເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາໃຫ້ໃຊ້: ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ດີໂຊໂປຣຊິນ (tenofovir disoproxil, Viread/TDF), ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ອາລາຟີນາໄມດ໌ (tenofovir alafenamide, Vemlidy/TAF) ແລະ ເອັນຕີຄາເວຍ໌ (entecavir8) (ບາຣາຄລູດ (Baraclude)). ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສແຖວໜ້າແມ່ນຢາທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາ ຍ້ອນວ່າພວກມັນປອດໄພກວ່າ ແລະ ມີປະສິດທິຜົນທີ່ສຸດ. ສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ບໍ່ຕອບສະໜອງຕໍ່ຢາ ຫຼື ບໍ່ໄດ້ໃຊ້ການປິ່ນປົວດ້ວຍຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ແຖວໜ້າ, ມີຢາປະເພດອື່ນໆທີ່ເປັນທາງເລືອກຄື: ເທວບູວີດິນ (telbivudine) (ໄຕຊີກາ (Tyzeka), ຊີບີໂວ (Sebivo)), ອາດີໂຟເວຍ (adefovir) ດີປີໂວຊິນ (dipivoxil) (ເຮັບຊີຣາ (Hepsera)), ແລະ ລາມີວູດິນ (lamivudine) ອີປີເວຍ-HBV (Epivir-HBV), ຊີຟິສ (Zeffix), ເຮັບໂຕດິນ (Heptodin). ເຖິງວ່າ FDA ໄດ້ຮັບຮອງຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອເຫຼົ່ານີ້, ແຕ່ພວກມັນກໍ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ໃຫ້ການປິ່ນປົວແບບສົມບູນ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ ພວກມັນສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງໄດ້ຫຼາຍ ຊຶ່ງຈະກ້າວໄປສູ່ການທຳລາຍຕັບ ແລະ ເປັນມະເຮັງຕັບ. ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ບໍ່ໄດ້ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ພະຍາດຢຸດ ແລະ ເລີ່ມໃໝ່ ຊຶ່ງນີ້ແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ວ່າເປັນຫຍັງການປະເມີນຜົນໂດຍໝໍທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນຫຼາຍ ກ່ອນຈະເລີ່ມໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ ຍັງມີຢາອິມມູໂນໂມດູເລເຕີ (immunomodulator) ທີ່ສົ່ງເສີມລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານທີ່ຊ່ວຍຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ພວກມັນແມ່ນຢາສັກຕະຫຼອດໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ຫາ 1 ປີ. ຢາທີ່ສັ່ງຈ່າຍສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນປະກອບດ້ວຍ ອິນເຕີເຟີຣອນ ອານຟາ-2b (ອິນທຣອນເອ, Intron A) ແລະ ພີກູເລຕິດ ອິນເຟີຣອນ (pegylated interferon (ພີກາຊີສ, Pegasys). ທ່ານ ແລະ ໝໍຂອງທ່ານ ຈະຕ້ອງປຶກສາຮ່ວມກັນເພື່ອຫາທາງເລືອກໃນການປິ່ນປົວກ່ອນຕັດສິນໃຈວ່າ ການປິ່ນປົວປະເພດໃດທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດສໍາລັບທ່ານ. ສໍາລັບຫຼາຍຄົນ, ການປິ່ນປົວເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຈະຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ ຫຼືຢຸດ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນເຈັບຮູ້ສຶກດີຂຶ້ນໃນພາຍສອງສາມເດືອນ ຍ້ອນວ່າການທໍາລາຍຂອງຕັບຈາກໄວຣັສແມ່ນຫຼຸດລົງ ຫຼືໃນບາງກໍລະນີແມ່ນກົງກັນຂ້າມ ເມື່ອກິນຢາໃນໄລຍະຍາວ. ຕ້ອງການເຂົ້າເບິ່ງລາຍຊື່ຢາຂອງ FDA ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງ ແລະ ຢາທີ່ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ອື່ນໆທີ່ພັດທະນາສໍາລັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້, ໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໄປທີ່ Drug Watch. General Information What is hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is the world's most common liver infection. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which attacks and injures the liver. It is transmitted through blood, unprotected sex, shared or re-used needles, and from an infected mother to her newborn baby during pregnancy or delivery. Most infected adults are able to get rid of the hepatitis B virus without any problems. However, some adults and most infected babies and children are unable to get rid of the virus and will develop chronic (life-long) infection. The good news is that there is a safe vaccine to prevent a hepatitis B infection and new treatments for those already infected with hepatitis B. How many people are affected by hepatitis B?Worldwide, 2 billion people (1 out of 3 people) have been infected with hepatitis B; and 257 million people are chronically infected (which means they are unable to get rid of the virus). An estimated 700,000 people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications. Why is hepatitis B more common in some parts of the world?Hepatitis B can infect any person of any age or ethnicity, but people from parts of the world where hepatitis B is common, such as Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, are at much higher risk for getting infected. Hepatitis B is also common among Americans who were born (or whose parents were born) in these regions. Hepatitis B is more common in certain regions of the world because there are so many more people already infected with hepatitis B in these regions. Although hepatitis B is not an "Asian disease" or an “African disease,” it affects hundreds of millions of people from these regions – so there are more people who can pass the hepatitis B virus on to others. This increases the risk that you could get infected. Since there is a smaller number of Westerners who are infected, this group has a lower risk of infection. In regions where hepatitis B is common, people are usually infected as newborns - from a mother who unknowingly passes the virus to her baby during delivery. Young children are also at risk if they live in close daily contact with an infected family member. Babies and children are more likely to develop a chronic hepatitis B infection because their young immune systems have trouble getting rid of the virus. If you, or your family, is from an area of the map that is darker blue, you might be at greater risk for hepatitis B infection and should talk to a doctor about getting tested.   Why should I be concerned about hepatitis B?Chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious liver disease such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. It's important to get tested because early diagnosis can lead to early treatment which can save your life. Also, people who are infected can spread the virus to others. Since most people don't know they are infected, they are unknowingly spreading it to many other people. If people are not tested, hepatitis B can pass through several generations in one family and throughout the community. One common myth is that hepatitis B can be "inherited" since several generations in one family may be infected. But hepatitis B is NOT a genetic disease -- hepatitis B is caused by a virus, which is often transmitted among family members due to mother-to-child transmission or accidental household exposure to blood. Families can break the cycle of hepatitis B infection by getting tested, vaccinated and treated. Why is hepatitis B so dangerous?Hepatitis B is dangerous because it is a “silent infection” that can infect people without them knowing it. Most people who are infected with hepatitis B are unaware of their infection and can unknowingly pass the virus to others through their blood and infected bodily fluids. For those who become chronically infected, there is an increased risk of developing liver failure, cirrhosis and/or liver cancer later in life. The virus can quietly and continuously attack the liver over many years without being detected. What is acute hepatitis B?An acute hepatitis B infection may last up to six months (with or without symptoms) and infected persons are able to pass the virus to others during this time. Symptoms of an acute infection may include loss of appetite, joint and muscle pain, low-grade fever, and possible stomach pain. Although most people do not experience symptoms, they can appear 60-150 days after infection, with the average being 3 months. Some people may experience more severe symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin), or a bloated stomach that may cause them to see a health care provider. A simple blood test can tell a person if the hepatitis B virus is in their blood. If you have been diagnosed with acute hepatitis B, the doctor will need to test your blood again in 6 months to figure out if you have recovered, or if you have developed a chronic hepatitis B infection. Until your health care provider confirms that your blood test shows that there is no more hepatitis B virus in your blood, it is important to protect others from a possible infection. It is also important to have your sexual partner(s) and family members (or those you live in close household contact with) tested for hepatitis B. If they have not been infected – and have not received the hepatitis B vaccine – then they should start the hepatitis B vaccine series. People who have acute hepatitis B are not prescribed specific hepatitis B treatment – there is no treatment that will get rid of an acute hepatitis B infection, and most people infected as adults recover on their own. Sometimes, a person with severe symptoms may be hospitalized for general support. Rest and managing symptoms are the primary goals of this medical care. A rare, life-threatening condition called “fulminant hepatitis” can occur with a new acute infection and requires immediate, urgent medical attention since a person can go into sudden liver failure. Simple tips for taking care of your liver during an acute hepatitis B infection are to avoid alcohol, stop or limit smoking, eat healthy foods, avoid greasy or fatty foods, and talk to your health care provider about any medications you are taking (prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, vitamins or herbal supplements) to make sure they are safe for your liver. This is a good time to ask any other questions you may have. The use of vitamins and liver health supplements will likely not assist your recovery and may actually cause more harm than good to the liver. Be sure to follow-up with your health care provider for any additional blood tests that are needed to confirm your recovery from an acute infection. What is chronic hepatitis B?People who test positive for the hepatitis B virus for more than six months (after their first blood test result) are diagnosed as having a chronic infection. This means their immune system was not able to get rid of the hepatitis B virus and it still remains in their blood and liver. There are effective ways to treat and manage a chronic infection, but there is no cure. If you are chronically infected, the virus will likely remain in your blood for the rest of your life. People who have chronic hepatitis B can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Chronic hepatitis B can also lead to serious liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Not every person who is chronically infected will develop serious liver disease. However, they have a greater chance than someone who is not infected.The risk of developing a chronic hepatitis B infection is related to the age at which one first becomes infected with the hepatitis B virus: 90% of infected newborns and babies will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection Up to 50% of infected children (1-5 years) will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection 5-10% of infected adults will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection (that is, 90% will recover) Learning that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection can be very upsetting. Because most people do not have symptoms and can be diagnosed decades after their initial exposure to the hepatitis B virus, it can be a shock and a surprise to be diagnosed with a chronic hepatitis B infection. The good news is that most people with chronic hepatitis B should expect to live a long and healthy life. Infected pregnant women can pass the virus to their newborns during childbirth. Therefore, since the risk of newborns becoming chronically infected at birth is high, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all infants receive the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12-24 hours after birth. If you are pregnant and you know that you are infected, you can make sure that your baby gets the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12-24 hours after delivery! While there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B infection, there are effective drug therapies that can control the hepatitis B virus and stop it from damaging the liver. There are also promising new drugs in the research phase that could provide a cure in the very near future. Although the risk of developing a serious liver disease or liver cancer is higher for those living with chronic hepatitis B than those who are not infected, there are still many simple things a person can do to help reduce their risk. Schedule regular visits every six months (or at least every year) with a liver specialist or a health care provider who is knowledgeable about hepatitis B so they can monitor the health of your liver. Talk to your health care provider about whether treatment for your chronic hepatitis B infection would be helpful in preventing serious liver disease or liver cancer. Make sure that your health care provider screens you for liver cancer during your regular visits since early detection equals more treatment options and a longer life. Avoid or limit alcohol and smoking since both cause a lot of stress to your liver. Eat a healthy diet with lots of vegetables since fried, greasy foods are hard on your liver.   What does it mean to be a “chronic carrier”?When someone has a chronic hepatitis B infection, their doctor may refer to them as being a “chronic carrier.” Being a “chronic carrier” means that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection, can pass the virus on to others, and you should be managed by a doctor for your infection. Is there a cure for hepatitis B?Most adults will recover from an acute infection on their own without the need for medication. For adults, children and infants who develop a chronic hepatitis B infection, there is currently no cure. But the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. What options are there to treat my hepatitis B?For an acute infection, there is generally no treatment other than rest and supportive measures to manage any symptoms. For chronic hepatitis B, there are several treatments available. It is important to understand that not everyone with chronic hepatitis B needs treatment. Your doctor will help you decide if you need medication or if you can wait and monitor your condition. There are several antiviral medications that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus from replicating, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These antivirals are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three “first-line” antivirals are recommended: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. For people who do not respond to, or have access to, the first-line antiviral treatments, other options are available: telbuvidine (Tyzeka, Sebivo), adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera), and lamivudine (Epivir-HBV, Zeffix, Heptodin). Although the FDA has approved these antivirals for chronic hepatitis B, they do not provide a complete cure. They can, however, greatly decrease the risk of developing liver damage and liver cancer. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic hepatitis B. There are also immunomodulator drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). You and your doctor will need to discuss the treatment options before deciding which one, if any, is best for you. For many people, these medications will decrease or stop the hepatitis B virus. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. For a complete list of FDA approved drugs and other promising drugs in development for hepatitis B, visit our Drug Watch.

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/laotian/general-information/
• Vivre avec l'hépatite B

  Vivre avec l'hépatite B  Puis-je guérir d'une infection par le virus de l'hépatite B ? La plupart des adultes en bonne santé ayant été récemment infectés guériront sans problème. Par contre, les bébés et les enfants en bas âge auront plus de mal à éliminer le virus. Adultes – 90 % des adultes en bonne santé élimineront le virus et guériront sans problème ; 10 % développeront une hépatite B chronique. Enfants en bas âge – jusqu'à 50 % des enfants infectés âgés de 1 à 5 ans développeront une hépatite B chronique. Nourrissons – 90 % deviendront porteurs chroniques ; seuls 10 % seront capables d'éliminer le virus.  Quelle est la différence entre l'hépatite B aiguë et l'hépatite B chronique ? On parle d'hépatite B « aiguë » pendant les six mois suivant l'exposition au virus. C'est le temps qu'il faut en moyenne pour guérir d'une infection par le virus de l'hépatite B. Si, au bout de six mois, le virus de l'hépatite B est toujours présent dans votre organisme (HBsAg+), vous serez considéré(e) comme porteur chronique, ce qui peut durer toute la vie.  Est-ce que je tomberai malade si je souffre d'hépatite B aiguë ? L'hépatite B est considérée comme une infection « silencieuse », car elle ne provoque souvent aucun symptôme. La plupart des personnes atteintes se sentent bien et ne savent pas qu'elles sont infectées. Elles peuvent donc transmettre le virus, à leur insu. D'autres peuvent présenter des symptômes plus légers comme de la fièvre, de la fatigue, des douleurs articulaires ou musculaires, ou une perte d’appétit, qui sont attribués par erreur à un état grippal. D’autres symptômes moins courants, mais plus graves incluent de fortes nausées et des vomissements, le jaunissement des yeux et de la peau (appelé « ictère ») et le gonflement de l’estomac ; ces symptômes exigent des soins médicaux immédiats, voire une hospitalisation. Comment savoir si je suis guéri(e) d'une hépatite B aiguë ? Une fois que votre médecin, en se basant sur les résultats de votre prise de sang, aura confirmé que vous avez éliminé le virus et développé des anticorps (HBsAb+), vous resterez protégé(e) contre toute infection future par le virus de l'hépatite B. Vous ne serez plus contagieux ou contagieuse. Que faire si j'ai été diagnostiqué(e) d'une hépatite B chronique ? Si, au bout de six mois, le virus de l'hépatite B est toujours présent dans votre organisme, cela indique que vous avez une hépatite B chronique. Vous devez prendre rendez-vous avec un hépatologue (médecin spécialisé dans les maladies du foie), un gastro-entérologue (médecin spécialisé dans les troubles de l'appareil digestif) ou un médecin généraliste expérimenté en matière d'hépatite B. Le médecin vous prescrira des analyses de sang et probablement une échographique du foie pour évaluer le degré d'activité du virus dans votre organisme et surveiller l'état de votre foie. Le médecin voudra probablement vous voir en consultation au moins une ou deux fois par an pour suivre l'évolution de votre hépatite B et déterminer si un traitement pourrait vous être bénéfique. Tous les porteurs chroniques devraient être vus par un médecin au moins une fois par an (voire plus souvent) pour un suivi médical, qu'ils soient sous traitement ou non. Même si le virus est dans une phase moins active où il provoque moins de dommages (voire pas du tout) au foie, cela peut changer. C'est pourquoi un suivi médical régulier est important. La plupart des porteurs chroniques peuvent s'attendre à vivre une longue vie en bonne santé. Une fois que vous avez été diagnostiqué(e) d'une hépatite B chronique, le virus peut rester dans votre sang et dans votre foie pour la vie. Il est important de savoir que vous pouvez transmettre le virus, même si vous ne vous sentez pas malade. C'est pour cette raison que toutes les personnes avec qui vous êtes en contact étroit (dont vos partenaires sexuels) devraient se vacciner contre l'hépatite B. Quels sont les examens de suivi d'une hépatite B chronique ? Les examens les plus souvent réalisés comprennent le profil sérologique du virus de l'hépatite B, des examens visant à évaluer la fonction du foie (ALT, AST), l'antigène HBe (HBeAg), l'anticorps HBe (HBeAb), la quantification de l’ADN du virus de l’hépatite B (la charge virale), et des tests d'imagerie médicale (échographie, FibroScan [élastométrie impulsionnelle] ou tomodensitogramme). Existe-t-il une cure contre l'hépatite B chronique ? À ce jour, il n'y a pas de cure contre l'hépatite B chronique. La bonne nouvelle est qu'il existe des traitements qui, en ralentissant le virus, peuvent contribuer à ralentir la progression de la maladie du foie chez les personnes porteuses d'une infection chronique. Moins le virus de l'hépatite B est produit, moins le foie est abîmé. Ces médicaments peuvent parfois éliminer le virus, mais c'est rarement le cas.  Grâce à la recherche médicale prometteuse, il y a de l'espoir qu'une cure contre l'hépatite B chronique soit découverte dans un avenir proche. Rendez-vous sur Drug Watch (observatoire des médicaments) pour y trouver une liste de médicaments prometteurs en cours de développement. Existe-t-il des médicaments homologués pour traiter l'hépatite B chronique ? Les traitements actuels contre l'hépatite B peuvent être classés en deux catégories : les antiviraux et les immunomodulateurs. Médicaments antiviraux – Ils peuvent ralentir ou inhiber le virus de l'hépatite B, ce qui réduit l'inflammation et les lésions au foie. Les antiviraux sont administrés sous forme de comprimé une fois par jour pendant au moins un an, souvent plus longtemps. Il existe six antiviraux homologués par la FDA. Seuls trois antiviraux de première ligne sont préconisés : ténofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), ténofovir alafénamide (Vemlidy/TAF) et entécavir (Baraclude). Les antiviraux de première ligne sont préconisés parce qu'ils sont plus sûrs et plus efficaces. Ces nouveaux médicaments présentent un meilleur profil de résistance que les anciens antiviraux. Cela signifie que, à condition d'observer la posologie prescrite, les mutations et la résistance sont moins probables. En développant une résistance aux antiviraux, le traitement et le contrôle du virus deviennent plus difficiles. Médicaments immunomodulateurs – Ils renforcent le système immunitaire afin d'aider à contrôler le virus de l'hépatite B. Ils sont administrés sous forme d'injections sur une période allant de six mois à un an. Parmi les immunomodulateurs les plus souvent prescrits figurent l'interféron alfa-2b (Intron A) et l'interféron pégylé (Pegasys). C'est le seul traitement préconisé aux patients qui sont infectés également par le virus de l'hépatite delta. Ces médicaments fournissent-ils une cure contre l'hépatite B chronique ? Même s'ils ne fournissent pas de cure complète, les traitements actuels ralentissent le virus et réduisent le risque de souffrir plus tard d'une maladie plus grave du foie. Ces personnes se sentent mieux après quelques mois parce que les médicaments ralentissent, voire inversent les dommages hépatiques causés par le virus, s'ils sont pris à long terme. Un traitement antiviral n'est pas à prendre à la légère. C'est la raison pour laquelle un bilan complet réalisé par un médecin expérimenté est crucial avant de commencer le traitement contre l'hépatite B chronique. Je souffre d'hépatite B chronique. Devrais-je prendre des médicaments ? Il est important de comprendre que toutes les personnes atteintes d'hépatite B chronique n'ont pas forcément besoin de prendre des médicaments. Vous devez parler à votre médecin pour décider si un traitement médicamenteux est adapté à votre cas. Que vous soyez sous traitement ou non, vous devez régulièrement consulter un hépatologue ou un médecin expérimenté en matière d'hépatite B.  La prise de compléments alimentaires et à base de plantes est-elle sûre, si je souffre d'hépatite B chronique ? De nombreux patients envisagent la prise de compléments vitaminés ou remèdes à base de plantes pour renforcer leur système immunitaire et assurer la bonne fonction de leur foie. Le problème est que les fabricants de ces produits ne sont soumis à aucune réglementation. Cela veut dire que l'innocuité et la pureté de ces substances ne font pas l'objet d'essais rigoureux. Par conséquent, la qualité des compléments vitaminés et de remèdes à base de plantes peut varier d'un flacon à un autre. De plus, certains remèdes à base de plantes peuvent interférer avec le traitement prescrit contre votre infection par le virus de l'hépatite B ou une autre maladie. Certains peuvent même endommager votre foie. Ces remèdes à base de plantes ne guériront pas votre hépatite B. Sur internet et les réseaux sociaux, de nombreuses entreprises font de fausses promesses au sujet de leurs produits. Les déclarations et témoignages en ligne et sur Facebook sont faux et utilisés pour inciter les consommateurs à acheter des remèdes et des compléments à base de plantes hors de prix. N'oubliez pas : si c'est trop beau pour être vrai, c'est que ça ne l'est sûrement pas. Vous trouverez ci-dessous une liste de sources fiables pour plus d'informations sur les plantes et la médecine douce. Ces informations se fondent sur des preuves scientifiques. Ce ne sont pas de fausses promesses. Vérifiez si les ingrédients actifs de vos remèdes ou compléments à base de plantes sont réels et sans danger pour votre foie. Le plus important est de protéger votre foie de toute lésion ou tout dommage supplémentaire. Quelles sont les mesures à prendre pour préserver son foiequand on souffre d'hépatite B chronique ? Les personnes atteintes d'hépatite B chronique peuvent avoir besoin ou non de traitement médicamenteux. Outre les médicaments, il existe d'autres moyens de protéger son foie et d'améliorer sa santé. Vous trouverez ci-dessous notre liste des dix choix sains pour rester en bonne santé. Adoptez-les dès aujourd'hui ! Prévoyez des consultations régulières chez un médecin ou un hépatologue pour le suivi de votre état de santé et de votre foie. Faites-vous vacciner contre le virus de l'hépatite A pour vous protéger des autres virus qui attaquent le foie. Évitez de boire de l'alcool et de fumer, car les deux sont nocifs pour votre foie. Il est déjà attaqué par le virus de l'hépatite B. Consultez votre médecin avant de commencer à prendre des vitamines, des compléments alimentaires et des remèdes à base de plantes, car ils peuvent interférer avec le traitement prescrit contre l'hépatite B et même endommager votre foie. Consultez votre pharmacien avant de prendre tout médicament sans ordonnance (par exemple : acétaminophène, paracétamol) ou tout médicament prescrit pour autre chose que votre hépatite B. Vous devez vous assurer qu'ils sont sûrs pour votre foie, car beaucoup de ces médicaments sont métabolisés (transformés) dans le foie.  Évitez d'inhaler les vapeurs de peintures, de diluants pour peintures, de colles, de produits d'entretien ménager, de dissolvants pour vernis à ongles et de toute autre substance chimique potentiellement toxique pouvant endommager le foie. Adoptez un régime alimentaire sain comprenant des fruits, des céréales complètes, du poisson et des viandes maigres, et beaucoup de légumes. Les études ont montré que ce sont notamment les légumes « crucifères » (choux, brocoli, chou-fleur) qui contribuent à la protection du foie contre les substances chimiques présentes dans l'environnement.  Évitez de consommer des mollusques et crustacés crus ou pas assez cuits (par exemple : palourdes, moules, huîtres, pétoncles). Ils peuvent être contaminés par une bactérie appelée Vibrio vulnificus qui est très nocive pour le foie et qui pourrait l'abîmer. Avant de consommer des noix, du maïs, des cacahuètes, du sorgho et du millet, vérifiez que ces aliments ne présentent pas de traces de moisissure. La moisissure peut apparaître lorsque les aliments sont conservés dans un lieu humide et que leur emballage n'est pas correctement fermé. S'ils sont moisis, ces aliments peuvent être contaminés par des aflatoxines ; facteurs de risque connus du cancer du foie. Réduisez le stress en mangeant sainement, en faisant régulièrement de l'exercice et en vous reposant suffisamment.  N'oubliez pas : tout ce que vous mangez, buvez, inhalez ou absorbez par la peau est filtré par le foie. Protégez votre foie et votre santé ! Puis-je donner mon sang si je souffre d'hépatite B ? Non. La banque de sang n'acceptera aucun don de sang ayant été exposé au virus de l'hépatite B même si vous avez guéri(e) d'une infection aiguë par le passé. Living with Hepatitis B  Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection? Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B. Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus. What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection? A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime.  Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection? Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others. What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B? If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment. All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B? Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B? Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common.  With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B? Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B? Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication? It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection? Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tips are there for those living with chronic hepatitis B? People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver. Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest.  Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/french/living-with-hepatitis-b/