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  • Read about the Hep B Foundation’s Newly Launched Learn the Link Campaign with Dung Hua of the Vital Access Care Foundation

    … directly?  Our hepatitis B and liver cancer programs focus on the Vietnamese community. We provide outreach, education, patient navigation and screening. We start with education because many people in this population are not aware of hepatitis B. We host community screenings and bring screenings into the community at churches and cultural events. People are more willing to get screened when we bring screenings to these events. If someone tests positive for hepatitis B, we provide patient navigation and linkage to care. If someone needs to be vaccinated, we provide guidance to link people to the vaccine. If a case is more complicated, we consult with a board member who can provide a professional consultation at no cost. During the pandemic, we tried to tie hepatitis B to COVID-19 and encourage people to get the COVID-19 vaccine and a hepatitis B screen at the same time. We leveraged our hepatitis B vaccine experience and surprisingly, a lot of people were willing to “get poked” twice in one day.  Can you tell me about the community that your organization serves?  We focus on the Vietnamese American community in Orange County. This community consists of  immigrants and refugees. In this community, there is still a lot of stigma around hepatitis B. Many people still believe that you can get hepatitis B from sharing a meal with people who are positive. In the Vietnamese community, there’s a saying: “If you sweep the floor, then you find garbage,” which is an idiom for avoiding the doctor; if you don’t go to the doctor, then you won’t know you’re sick. Culturally, you only share what is good. There’s a stigma with seeking help. You’re not supposed to share that you’re weak or struggle, which can lead people to internalize their pain.  In addition to stigma, many people deal with undiagnosed mental health issues and the challenges of moving to a new country. This community also has lower rates of insurance coverage, which can make receiving

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/read-hep-b-foundations-newly-launched-learn-link-campaign-dung-hua-vital-access-care-foundation/
  • Podcast Recap: How Clinical Trials Work in the United States

                              In a recent B Heppy episode on clinical trials, Dr. Yasmin Ibrahim, Public Health Program Director at the Hepatitis B Foundation, discussed the process of how clinical trials work and the importance of clinical research in moving forward public health programs and interventions.  What is a Clinical Trial?  A clinical trial (also called clinical research) is the process for approving new medications or devices for a known health condition or disease. When people hear the term clinical trial, they may hink immediately that participants of that trial are at risk. What most don’t know is that before a medication or medical device is tested on human beings, it must go through a very rigorous process with approval from regulatory authorities and agencies. This is why clinical trials go through phases of approval and safety checks in the research process. We have outlined the phases of clinical trials below to help provide an understanding of the process.   Pre-clinical or lab studies: Before the drug can be tested on human beings, it is thoroughly researched on living cells and then animals with similar biological makeup, to assess its efficacy (benefits) and safety.  Clinical Phase I: Researchers test a new drug or treatment on a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify any side effects.  Clinical Phase II: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.  Clinical Phase III: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.  Clinical Phase IV: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in many

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/podcast-recap-clinical-trials-work-united-states/
  • CHIPO Partner Highlight: Falcons Health Foundation of Accra, Ghana

    … services for people, as well as  free health screenings. If we didn’t do this, people would not be bold enough to come out. There is stigmatization of these diseases. We explain that hypertension and high blood sugar causes a lot of health conditions. We explain to them signs and symptoms of HIV and viral hepatitis. Once we are done with this explanation, if they allow us, then we start the screening.    What is the main geographic area in which FHF works?   Ghana has 16 regions. We started in the capital Accra. The capital is very big and we cannot go to every area. What we normally do is select some areas from which more complaints are coming. Especially Circle and then Madina and Ashaima [areas of Ghana]. We also go to part of the Ashanti region and to Bono region. We also go to the Northern part of Ghana, Tamale, and the Central part, Winneba. These are very big regions, so we only go to certain parts. The rest, we have yet to decide.   What are some of the biggest challenges in addressing hepatitis and other health concerns? How have you worked to overcome these? Are there any additional resources that would be helpful to have?   There is a lack of knowledge regarding viral hepatitis in the regions we service. We realized that the kind of health information that they recieive...[is] misinformation. And then also some people, due to cultural practices and their beliefs, do not seek treatment or testing. We did brief interviews and found that they believe that viral hepatitis and HIV are a result of juju, or spiritual forces, witches, and wizards. Some people also think that viral hepatitis and HIV diseases are a curse from their ancestors. Some of these issues, since they are due to a lack of knowledge and education, what we normally do is educate them and explain to them that witches and wizards are not the cause of these diseases. We try as much as we can to educate them. We explain to them the cause of these diseases. We do intensive education.

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/chipo-partner-highlight-falcons-health-foundation-accra-ghana/
  • The Purpose and Process of Storytelling

    … education.                 The storytellers gather around for a storytelling workshop.   Over the years since the initial launch of #justB, we have seen just how powerful storytelling is, and how personal stories can be used to promote greater awareness, openness, and discussion around an often stigmatized disease like hepatitis B. We have also learned that the process of storytelling – and participation in storytelling workshops – has a positive and lasting impact on storytellers themselves.   For example, the following quotes (collected from storyteller interviews and audience surveys) highlight the impact that the #justB campaign has had on participants and viewers.  Quotes from storytellers about their experience:  “In the weeks after the workshop, I felt a lot more hopeful and supported.”   “It was an awesome, life-changing experience and I look forward to doing more work with the Hepatitis B Foundation and various other organizations to raise Hepatitis B awareness and prevention.”  “This storytelling workshop was a true blessing for me personally. Before, I felt isolated and disconnected. After the workshop and getting to know how Hep B has affected others, I feel a great sense of family and inclusion. My true hope is that our stories can change how others not affected view those who are and that more emphasis would be placed on the treatment and cure for this condition.”  “I remember feeling very lonely when I first got diagnosed. I was, I don’t know, a leper or something but then to hear other people having gone through that same fear and that same sort of feeling of isolation, just super impactful. It made you recognize that this doesn’t have to be a lonely or solitary thing. There are other people who have the same struggles and experience the same fear, I guess, that you did. That was incredibly powerful, and definitely something that I didn’t know I was missing that.”  “The

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/purpose-process-storytelling/
  • Liver Cancer Screening Q&A with Dr. Amit Singal

    … body).  Question: Are there any risks involved in liver cancer screening?   Abdominal ultrasound and AFP are safe and non-invasive, so the risks of liver cancer screening are relatively low. However, there is a risk of false positive results, which means that someone tests positive when they are not positive for liver cancer. This can result in additional diagnostic testing and patient anxiety. Current research shows that these risks are uncommon, and the benefits of HCC screening far outweigh the associated risks.       Our thanks to Dr. Singal for providing this life-saving information. Liver cancer may be silent, but people living with hepatitis B must be loud when telling their doctors that they need to be screened!  If you have recently been diagnosed with hepatitis B or want to learn more about liver health, check out the Hepatitis B Foundation's Information Guide here.   "Photo from UT Southwestern."

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/liver-cancer-screening-qa-dr-amit-singal/
  • Disclaimer & Terms of Use

      Effective Date: March 1, 2021 This website is maintained by the Hepatitis B Foundation and its affiliates (collectively, “HBF,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) at https://www.hepb.org/ (such website and any portions thereof, the “Website”). By using the Website, including any content and services offered on or through it, you agree to be bound by the following conditions (“Terms of Use”). You should check these Terms of Use periodically for changes, since we may modify them at any time in our sole discretion. All changes are effective at the time of posting. By using this Website after we have posted such changes, you agree to those changes for all past and future use, whether or not you have reviewed them. HBF reserves the right, with or without notice, at any time and for any reason to deny you access to Website and to terminate these Terms of Use. If at any time you do not agree to these Terms of Use, please do not use the Website. The Website is offered and available to users who are 18 years of age or older, and is not intended or designed to attract individuals under the age of 18. HBF does not collect personally identifiable information from any person visiting the website, unless they voluntarily share contact information while signing up to receive information or make a donation. License for Personal and Limited Use You are granted a personal, revocable, limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable license to access and use the Website only for non-commercial purposes and this license is expressly conditioned on your continued acceptance of, and compliance with, these Terms of Use. You warrant that you will abide by, without limitation, all applicable laws with respect to your use of the Website and not interfere with the use and enjoyment of the Website by other users or with the operation and management of the Website. You will, at all times, provide true, accurate, current, authorized, and complete information when submitting information or materials on the Website. Restrictions on Use The contents of the Website are the property of the Hepatitis B Foundation and may be protected by copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws. You may not duplicate, copy, modify, scrape, publish, display, re-distribute or exploit in any other way the information, photos and other content posted on the Website, in whole or in part, without prior written consent from HBF. 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HBF will not accept responsibility for any loss or damage that you allege to have suffered in connection with your disclosure of personal information or your use of, or reliance on, any content, goods or services available on other websites.   DISCLAIMERS Information provided “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABE” – No Personal or Professional Advice The information HBF provides on the Website is for informational purposes only and no substitute for the services of trained medical, psychological, legal, religious or other professionals. Whether information originates from the Website or from third-party content, materials on the Website are provided “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis for general information and without warranties of any kind. The information may not constitute the most up-to-date information and we do not recommend or endorse the information of third-party websites. 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We make no claims that the materials on the Website are appropriate or available for use in other locations. If you access this Website from other locations, you do so at your own risk and are responsible for compliance with the laws of your jurisdiction. The Terms of Use shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, without regard to its conflict of laws principles. You agree that all claims and disputes can be litigated only in the federal or state courts in Pennsylvania, USA, and you agree to personal jurisdiction in those courts. Regardless of any statute or law to the contrary, any claim or cause of action arising out of or related to your use of the Website must be filed by you within three (3) months after such claim or cause of action arose or be forever barred. If any provision of these Terms of Use is found to be unlawful, void, or for any reason unenforceable by any court having competent jurisdiction, the invalidity of such provision shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions. No waiver of any of these Terms of Use shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of any other term. The Terms of Use and the Privacy Notice shall constitute the entire agreement between you and HBF with regard to the use of the Website. It may only be modified by our posting of changes to these Terms of Use and Privacy Notice, or by a written agreement signed by both parties. Contact If you have any questions or comments regarding this Website, including any reports of errors or non-functioning links, you can contact us as follows: Hepatitis B Foundation 3805 Old Easton Road Doylestown, PA 18902 USA  Email: info@hepb.org Phone: +1 215-489-4900

    https://www.hepb.org/disclaimer/

  • መከላከል እና ክትባት ሄፓታይተስ ቢ እንዴት ሊይዘኝ ቻለ? ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በደም ውስጥ በሚሰራጭ ቫይረስ አማካይነት የሚመጣ ተላላፊ በሽታ ነው፡፡ ከዚህ ቀጥሎ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ወደ ሌላ ሰው የሚተላለፍባቸው በብዛት የተለመዱ መንገዶች ቀርበዋል፦ በቫይረሱ ከተያዘ ደም አሊያም የሰውነት ፈሳሽ ጋር በሚደረግ የቀጥታ ግንኙነት በእርግዝና ወይም በወሊድ ወቅት ከተያዘች እናት ወደ ሚወለደው ልጅዋ ከተያዘ ሰው ጋር በሚደረግ ጥንቃቄ የጎደለው ወሲብ መርፌዎችን በመጋራት ወይም ድጋሚ በመጠቀም (ለምሳሌ ያህል ለህገ ወጥ መድሀኒቶች መርፌ መጋራት ወይም በአግባቡ ያልተቀቀሉ መርፌዎችን ለመድሀኒት፣ ለአኩፓንቸር ለንቅሳት፣ ወይም ጆሮንና ሌላ የሰውነት ክፍልን ለመብሳት መጠቀም) በአግባቡ ያልተቀቀሉ የህክምና እቃዎች ወይም መርፌዎች በመንገድ ዳር ዶክተሮች፣ የጥርስ ሀኪሞች ወይም የፀጉር አስተካካዮች ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል፡፡   ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በድንገት ይተላለፋል እንዴ? በጭራሽ! ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በድንገተኛ ግንኙነት አይተላለፍም፡፡ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በአየር፣ በመተቃቀፍ፣ በመነካካት፣ በማስነጠስ፣ በማሳል፣ መፀዳጃ ቤት በመጋራትና በበሩ እጀታ አይተላለፍም፡፡ እርስዎ በሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስ ከተያዘ ሰው ጋር አብረው ቢበሉና ቢጠጡ አሊያም ቫይረሱ ያለበት ሰው ያዘጋጀውን ምግብ ቢመገቡ አይተላለፍብዎትም፡፡ በሄፓታይተስ ቢ የበለጠ ሊጠቃ የሚችለው ማነው?  ምንም እንኳን ሁሉም በሄፓታይተስ ቢ የመያዝ የተወሰነ እድል ቢኖረውም፣ የበለጠ የመያዝ እድል ያላቸው ሰዎች ደግሞ አሉ፡፡ ስራዎ፣ የአኗኗር ዘይቤዎ ወይም ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ካለባቸው ቤተሰብ መወለድዎ በቫይረሱ የመያዝ እድልዎን ከፍ ያደርገዋል፡፡ እነዚህ በብዛት የተለመዱና "ከፍተኛ ስጋት" ያለባቸው ቡድኖች ናቸው፤ ነገር ግን እነዚህ ሁሉም አለመሆናቸው ልብ ሊባል ይገባል፡፡ ያገቡ ወይም ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ካለበት ሰው ጋር በቅርበት የሚኖሩ፤ ይህ አዋቂዎችን እና ህፃናትንም ይጨምራል፡፡ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በብዛት ባለባቸው ሀገሮች የተወለዱ ሰዎች ወይም ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በብዛት በሚስተዋልባቸው አገሮች (ኤሽያ፣ የአፍሪካ የተወሰኑ ክፍሎች፣ ደቡብ አሜሪካ፣ ምዕራብ አውሮፓ፣ እና መካከለኛው ምስራቅ) የተወለዱ ወላጆች፡፡ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በብዛት በሚታይባቸው ሀገራት (ኤሽያ፣ የአፍሪካ የተወሰኑ ክፍሎች፣ ደቡብ አሜሪካ፣ ምዕራብ አውሮፓ፣ እና መካከለኛው ምስራቅ) የሚኖሩ አሊያም ወደዛ የሄዱ ሰዎች፡፡ ከተለያዩ ሰዎች ጋር ወሲብ የሚፈፅሙ ጎልማሶች እና ወጣቶች ከተለያዩ ወንዶች ጋር ወሲብ የሚፈፅም ወንድ ከተያዘች እናት የተወለደ ህጻን የጤና ባለሙያዎች እና ሌሎች ሰራተኞች ከስራቸው ጋር በተያያዘ በሚገጥማቸው የደም ንክኪ፡፡ ኤመርጀንሲ ፐርሶኔል ከ1992 በፊት በደም ልገሳ ወቅት ወደ ተቀባዩ አሊያም አሁን ላይ ደግሞ በአግባቡ ባልታየ ደም ልገሳ ምክንያት አደገኛ እፅ ተጠቃሚዎች በሚወጉት መርፌ የሚነቀሱ እና ሰውነታቸውን የሚበሱ ሰዎች የመንገድ ዳር ዶክተሮችን፣ የጥርስ ነቃዮችን እና ፀጉር አስተካካዮችን የሚጠቀሙ ሰዎች የኩላሊት እጥበት የሚደረግለት ታማሚ ተጠጋግተው ባሉ ቤቶች የሚኖሩ ነዋሪዎች፣ ተቋማት ወይም በጋራ በሚጠቀሙባቸው ነገሮች፡፡   በሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት ላይ የቀረቡ ምክረ ሐሳቦች ምንድን ናቸው? የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት ለሁሉም ጨቅላ ህፃናትና እድሜያቸው እስከ 18 ዓመት ለሆናቸው የሚመከር መሆኑን አለም አቀፉ የጤና ድርጅትእና በአሜሪካ ያለው በሽታን የመከላከልና የመቆጣጠር ማዕከል አሳውቀዋል፡፡ በአሜሪካ ያለው በሽታን የመከላከልና የመቆጣጠር ማዕከል ከፍተኛ ስጋት ያለባቸው ቡድኖች ውስጥ ያሉ ጎልማሶች መከተብ እዳለባቸው ይመክረል፡፡ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት አስተማማኝና ውጤታማ ሲሆን ይህም ለተወለዱ ጨቅላ ህፃናት በሙሉ እና አድሜያቸው እስከ 18 ኣመት ለሆናቸው ልጆች ይሆናል፡፡ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት ስኳር ላለባቸው ጎልማሶች እና ከስራ ባህሪያቸው ጋር በተያያዘ፣ የአኗኗር ዘይቤያቸው፣ የኑሮ ሁኔታቸው፣ እና በተወለዱበት አገር የመያዝ እድላቸው ከፍ የሚል ከሆነ ይመከራል፡፡ ሁሉም የመያዝ ስጋት ቢኖርበትም፣ ሁሉም ጎልማሶች አደገኛ የሆነውን የጉበት በሽታ በዘላቂነት ለመከላከል የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ን ክትባት መውሰድ አለባቸው፡፡ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ከትባት አስተማማኝ ነው? አዎ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት አስተማማኝ እና ውጤታማ ነው፡፡  ይህ የመጀመሪያው “የፀረ ካንሰር ክትባት”ነው፤ ምክንያቱም በአለም ላይ ለጉበት ካንሰር መከሰት 80% ምክንያት የሆነውን ከሄፓታይተስ ቢ ይከላከላል፡፡  በአለም ላይ ከተሰጡት ከአንድ ቢሊየን በላይ መርፌዎች ላይ በተደረገ የህክምና ሳይንሳዊ ምርመራ ያመላከተው የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት አንዱና በጣም አስተማማኝ መሆኑን ነው፡፡ ክትባቱን በመከተብ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ሊይዘኝ ይችላል? በጭራሽ፣ ክትባቱን በመውሰድ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ አትያዝም፡፡ ክትባቱ የተሰራው በቤተ ሙከራ ውስጥ ከሴንቴቲክ ይስት ምርት ነው፡፡ በብዛት የሚስተዋለው የጎንዮሽ ጉዳት መርፌው በተወጋበት ክንድ ላይ የመቅላት እና የህመም ስሜት መኖሩ ነው፡፡ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት መርሀግብር ምንድን ነው? የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት በዶክተርዎ ቢሮ ውስጥ እንዲሁም በአቅራቢዎ ባለ የጤና ተቋም ወይም ክሊኒክ ውስጥ ይገኛል፡፡ የሄፓታይተስ ክትባቶችን ወስዶ ለመጨረስ ሶስት ክትባቶችን መውሰድ አስፈላጊ ሲሆን፤ እድሜያቸው ከ11 እስከ 15 ዓመት ለሆናቸው በተከታታይ የሚሰጡ ሁለት ክትባቶች ያሉ ሲሆን በአሜሪካ የምግብ እና የመድሀኒት አስተዳደር 2 ዓይነት ክትባቶች ለጎልማሶች መሰጠት እንዳለበት በ2017 አረጋግጧል፡፡ ማስታወስ ያለብን ነገር በቫይረሱ ከተያዘች እናት የተወለደ ህፃን በመጀመሪያዎቹ 12 ሰዓታት ውስጥ የመጀመሪያውን ክትባት ማግኘት አለበት፡፡ 1ኛው ክትባት- የተወለደው ህፃን በተወለደበት ክፍል እንዳለ ሊሰጠው ይገባል 2ኛው ክትባት- 1ኛው ክትባት ከተሰጠው ከአንድ ወር (28 ቀናት) በኋላ 3ኛው ክትባት- ከስድስት ወራት በኋላ የመጀመሪያው ክትባት ከተሰጠው (ወይም ቢያንስ ከ2 ወራት በኋላ 2ኛው ክትባት ከተሰጠው) የግዴታ 16 ሳምንታት መኖር የግድ ነው፣ በ1ኛውእና በ3ኛውክትባት፡፡ የክትባት መርሀ ግብሩ ከተቋረጠ፣ ከታዘዘው በላይ መውሰድ ተገቢ አይደለም፡፡ ካቆሙበት መጀመር ይቻላል፤ ምንም እንኳን በርካታ ዓመታት ቢቆጠሩም፡፡ ከሄፓታይተስ ቢ ራስዎን የጠበቁ ስለመሆንዎ እርግጠኛ ለመሆን ቀላል የደም ምርመራ በማድረግ “የሄፓታይተስ ቢ አንቲቦዲ ምርመራ” (HBsAb) ክትባቱ ስኬታማ ስለመሆኑ ማረጋገጫ ማግኘት ይቻላል፡፡ ከሄፓታይተስ ቢ ራሴን ለመጠበቅ ሌላ ማድረግ ያለብኝ ነገር ምንድን ነው? ሄፓታይተስ ቢ የሚተላለፈው በተበከለ ደምና በተበከለ የሰውነት ፈሳሽ ስለሆነ፤ ክትባቱ እስከሚያልቅ ድረስ ሊከሰቱ ከሚችሉ መያዞች ራስዎን ለመጠበቅ ሊያደርጓቸው የሚገቡ ቀላል ተግባራት አሉ፡፡ በቀጥታ ደምንም ሆነ የሰውነት ፈሳሽን ከመንካት መቆጠብ ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ከወሲብ አጋርዎ ጋር ኮንዶም ይጠቀሙ ህገ ወጥ የሆኑ መድሀኒቶችን እና የተሳሳተ የመድሀኒት ትዕዛዝን ከመጠቀም እንዲሀም ከመወጋት መቆጠብ ያስፈልጋል ስለታም የሆኑ ነገሮችን ለምሳሌ እንደ ምላጭ፣ የጥርስ ቡርሽ፣ የጆሮ ኩክ ማፅጃ፣ እና የጥፍር መቁረጫ በጋራ መጠቀምን ማስወገድ ያስፈልጋል ለህክምና፣ ለጥርስ ህክምና፣ ለደረቅ መር ህክምና፣ ለንቅሳት፣ እንዲሁም ጆሮን እና ሌላውን የሰውነት ክፍል ለመብሳት የተቀቀሉ መርፌዎችንና ሌሎች መገልገያዎችን መጠቀማችንን እርግጠኛ መሆን አለብን የፈሰሰ ደምን ለማፅዳት ጓንት ማድረግ እንዲሁም ያልቆየና ንፁህ ውሀ መጠቀም ያስፈልጋል ደም ከነኩ ወይም ካፀዱ በኋላ እጅን በውሀና በሳሙና በሚገባ መታጠብ ያስፈልጋል ከምንም በላይ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ን ክትባት መውሰድዎን እርግጠኛ ይሁኑ!     Prevention and Vaccination  How can I get hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by a virus that is spread through blood. Listed below are the most common ways hepatitis B is passed to others: Direct contact with infected blood or infected bodily fluids  From an infected mother to her newborn baby during pregnancy or delivery  Unprotected sex with an infected partner  Shared or re-used needles (for example, sharing needles for illegal drugs or re-using needles that are not properly sterilized for medicine, acupuncture, tattoos, or ear/body piercing)  Unsterilized medical equipment or needles that may be used by roadside doctors, dentists or barbers   Is hepatitis B transmitted casually?No, hepatitis B is not spread through casual contact. You cannot get hepatitis B from the air, hugging, touching, sneezing, coughing, toilet seats or doorknobs. You cannot get hepatitis B from eating or drinking with someone who is infected or from eating food prepared by someone who has hepatitis B. Who is most likely to become infected with hepatitis B? Although everyone is at some risk for getting hepatitis B, there are some people who are more likely to get infected. Your job, lifestyle, or just being born into a family with hepatitis B can increase your chances of being infected. Here are some of the most common "high risk" groups -- but please remember that this is not a complete list: People who are married to or live in close household contact with someone who has hepatitis B. This includes adults and children. People who were born countries where hepatitis B is common, or whose parents were born in countries where hepatitis B is common (Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East).  People who live in or travel to countries where hepatitis B is very common (Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East). Sexually active adults and teenagers  Men who have sex with men  Infants born to infected mothers  Healthcare workers and others who are exposed to blood in their jobs. Emergency personnel  Patients who are on kidney dialysis Residents and staff of group homes, institutions, or correctional facilities. Recipients of blood transfusions before 1992, or more recent recipients of improperly screened blood Injection drug users, past and present  People who get tattoos or body piercing  People who use roadside doctors, dentists or barbers   What are the recommendations for the hepatitis B vaccine? The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants and children up to age 18 years by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC also recommends that adults in high-risk groups be vaccinated. The hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. The hepatitis B vaccine is also recommended for adults living with diabetes and those at high risk for infection due to their jobs, lifestyle, living situations, or country of birth. Since everyone is at some risk, all adults should seriously consider getting the hepatitis B vaccine for a lifetime protection against a preventable chronic liver disease.   Is the hepatitis B vaccine safe? Yes, the hepatitis B vaccine is very safe and effective. In fact, it is the first “anti-cancer vaccine” because it can protect you from hepatitis B, which is the cause of 80% of all liver cancer in the world. With more than one billion doses given throughout the world, medical and scientific studies have shown the hepatitis B vaccine to be one of the safest vaccines ever made.   What is the hepatitis B vaccine schedule?The hepatitis B vaccine is available at your doctor's office and local health department or clinic. Three doses are generally required to complete the hepatitis B vaccine series, although there is an accelerated two-dose series for adolescents age 11 through 15 years, and there is a new 2-dose vaccine that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in adults in 2017. It is important to remember that babies born to infected mothers must receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in the delivery room or within the first 12 hours of life. 1st Shot - At any given time, but newborns should receive this dose in the delivery room2nd Shot - At least one month (or 28 days) after the 1st shot3rd Shot - Six months after the 1st shot (or at least 2 months after the 2nd shot) There must be at least 16 weeks between the 1st and 3rd shot. If your vaccine schedule has been delayed, you do not need to start the series over, you can continue from where you have left off – even if there have been years between doses. To be certain that you are protected against hepatitis B, ask for a simple blood test to check your “hepatitis B antibody titers” (HBsAb) which will confirm whether the vaccination was successful.   What else can I do to protect myself from hepatitis B? Since hepatitis B is spread through infected blood and infected body fluids, there are several simple things that you can do to protect yourself from possible infection until your vaccination is complete: Avoid touching blood or any bodily fluids directly Use condoms with sexual partners Avoid illegal drugs and prescription drug misuse, including injection of such drugs Avoid sharing sharp objects such as razors, toothbrushes, earrings, and nail clippers Make sure that sterile needles and equipment are used for medicine, the dentist, acupuncture, tattoos, ear and body piercing Wear gloves and use a fresh solution of bleach and water to clean up blood spills  Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after touching or cleaning up blood Most importantly, make sure you receive the hepatitis B vaccine! 

    https://www.hepb.org/languages/amharic/vaccination/

  • Önleme ve Aşılama  Hepatit B bana nasıl bulaşabilir?Hepatit B kanla bulaşan bir virüsün neden olduğu bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. Aşağıda hepatit B'nin başkalarına bulaşmasının en sık görülen yolları verilmiştir:• Enfekte kan veya enfekte vücut sıvılarıyla doğrudan temas • Hamilelik veya doğum sırasında enfekte bir anneden yenidoğan bebeğine • Enfekte bir partnerle korunmadan cinsel ilişki • Paylaşılan veya tekrar kullanılan iğneler (örneğin tıbbi kullanım, akupunktur, dövmeler veya kulak/vücut piercing için uygun şekilde sterilize edilmemiş iğnelerin tekrar kullanılması veya uyuşturucu maddeler için iğnelerin paylaşılması) • Diplomasız doktorlar, diş hekimleri veya berberler tarafından kullanılabilecek sterilize edilmemiş tıbbi ekipman veya iğneler Hepatit B normal şartlarda bulaşır mı?Hayır, hepatit B normal şartlarda temasla bulaşmaz. Hepatit B'yi havadan, sarılarak, dokunarak, öksürerek, hapşırarak, tuvaletlerde veya kapı tokmaklarından kapamazsınız. Hepatit B'yi enfekte olan birisiyle yiyip içerek veya hepatit B durumu olan bir kişinin hazırladığı yemekleri yiyerek kapamazsınız. Hepatit B ile enfeksiyon olasılığı kimlerde en yüksektir? Herkesin hepatit B kapma riski vardır ama bazı kişilerin enfekte olması riski daha yüksektir. İşiniz, yaşam tarzınız veya hepatit B durumu olan bir aileye doğmuş olmanız enfekte olma olasılığınızı arttırabilir. Burada en sık görülen "yüksek risk" gruplarından bazıları verilmiştir ancak bunun eksiksiz bir liste olmadığını unutmayın:• Hepatit B durumu olan bir kişiyle evli veya evde yakın temas halinde olan kişiler. Bunlar arasında yetişkinler ve çocuklar vardır.• Hepatit B'nin sık olduğu ülkelerde doğan veya ebeveynleri hepatit B'nin sık olduğu ülkelerde doğan kişiler (Asya, Afrika'nın ve Güney Amerika'nın bazı kısımları, Doğu Avrupa ve Orta Doğu). • Hepatit B'nin çok sık olduğu yerlerde yaşayan veya buralara seyahat eden kişiler (Asya, Afrika'nın ve Güney Amerika'nın bazı kısımları, Doğu Avrupa ve Orta Doğu).• Cinsel olarak aktif yetişkinler ve gençler • Erkeklerle cinsel ilişkide bulunan erkekler • Enfekte annelere doğan bebekler • Sağlık çalışanları ve işlerinde kana maruz kalan başka kişiler.• Acil personel • Diyalize giren kişiler• Huzurevleri, bakım kurumları veya hapishanelerde yaşayanlar ve personel.• 1992 yılından önce kan nakli yapılan kişiler veya uygun şekilde taranmamış kanın daha yakın zamanda verildiği kişiler• Enjekte edilen ilaç kullanıcıları, geçmişte ve günümüzde • Dövme veya vücuduna piercing yaptıranlar • Diplomasız doktorlar, diş hekimleri veya berberleri kullanan kişiler Hepatit B aşısı için öneriler nelerdir? Hepatit B aşısı DSÖ ve CDC tarafından bebekler ve 18 yaşına kadar tüm çocuklar için önerilir. CDC ayrıca yüksek riskli gruplardaki yetişkinlerin aşılanmasını önerir. Hepatit B aşısı doğumda tüm bebekler ve 18 yaşına kadar çocuklar için önerilen güvenli ve etkin bir aşıdır. Hepatit B aşısı ayrıca diyabetik olan ve işi, yaşam tarzı, yaşam koşulları veya doğduğu ülke nedeniyle enfeksiyon açısından daha yüksek riski olan yetişkinler için önerilir. Herkesin bir miktar riski olduğundan tüm yetişkinler önlenebilir bir kronik karaciğer hastalığına karşı ömür boyu koruma açısından hepatit B aşısını yaptırmayı ciddi olarak düşünmelidir. Hepatit B aşısı güvenli midir? Evet, hepatit B aşısı çok güvenli ve etkilidir. Aslında dünya çapında tüm karaciğer kanserlerinin %80'inin nedeni olan hepatit B'den sizi koruyabildiğinden ilk "kanser karşıtı aşıdır". Dünyada bir milyardan fazla doz verilmiştir ve tıbbi ve bilimsel çalışmalar hepatit B aşısının şimdiye kadar üretilen en güvenli aşılardan olduğunu göstermektedir. Aşı nedeniyle hepatit B kapabilir miyim?Hayır, aşıdan hepatit B kapamazsınız. Aşı bir laboratuvarda sentetik bir maya ürününden üretilir. En sık görülen yan etkiler aşının yapıldığı kolda kızarıklık ve hafif ağrıdır. Hepatit B aşı çizelgesi nedir?Hepatit B aşısı doktorunuzun ofisinde veya yerel sağlık ocağı veya klinikte yapılabilir. Hepatit B aşı dizisini tamamlamak için genellikle üç doz gerekir ama 11-15 yaşındaki gençler için hızlandırılmış 2 dozlu bir dizi ve 2017 yılında yetişkinler için kullanımı ABD Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA) tarafından onaylanmış yeni bir 2 dozlu aşı bulunmaktadır. Enfekte annelere doğan bebeklerin hepatit B aşısının ilk dozunu doğumhanede veya yaşamın ilk 12 saatinde almaları gerektiğini unutmamak önemlidir.• 1. Aşı - Herhangi bir zamanda ama yenidoğanlar için doğumhanede yapılmalıdır.• 2. Aşı - Birinci aşıdan en az bir ay (veya 28 gün) sonra• 3. Aşı - 1. aşıdan altı ay sonra (veya 2. aşıdan en az 2 ay sonra)1. ile 3. aşı arasında en az 16 hafta olmalıdır. Aşılama çizelgeniz gecikmişse diziyi tekrar başlatmanız gerekmez ve kaldığınız yerden devam edebilirsiniz - dozlar arasında yıllar geçse bile. Hepatit B'ye karşı korunduğunuzdan emin olmak için aşılamanın başarılı olup olmadığını doğrulayacak şekilde "hepatit B antikoru titrelerinizin (seviyelerinizin)" (HBsAb) basit bir kan testini isteyin. Hepatit B'den kendimi korumak için başka ne yapabilirim?Hepatit B enfekte kan ve enfekte vücut sıvılarıyla geçtiğinden aşılamanız tamamlanıncaya kadar kendinizi olası enfeksiyona karşı korumak için yapabileceğiniz birkaç basit şey vardır:• Kan veya diğer vücut sıvılarına doğrudan dokunmaktan kaçının • Cinsel partnerlerle prezervatif kullanın • Bu tür ilaçların enjeksiyonu dahil olmak üzere yasadışı ilaçlar ve reçeteli ilaçların yanlış kullanımından kaçının • Tıraş bıçakları, diş fırçaları, küpeler ve tırnak makasları gibi keskin nesneleri paylaşmaktan kaçının • Doktor, diş hekimi, akupunktur, dövmeler ve kulak ve vücutta piercing için steril iğneler ve ekipmanın kullanıldığından emin olun • Kan döküldüğünde temizlemek için eldiven giyin ve yeni hazırlanmış bir çamaşır suyu ve su karışımı kullanın • Ellerinizi kana dokunduktan veya temizledikten sonra su ve sabunla iyice yıkayın • En önemlisi hepatit B aşısını yaptırdığınızdan emin olun! Prevention and Vaccination How can I get hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by a virus that is spread through blood. Listed below are the most common ways hepatitis B is passed to others:• Direct contact with infected blood or infected bodily fluids • From an infected mother to her newborn baby during pregnancy or delivery • Unprotected sex with an infected partner • Shared or re-used needles (for example, sharing needles for illegal drugs or re-using needles that are not properly sterilized for medicine, acupuncture, tattoos, or ear/body piercing) • Unsterilized medical equipment or needles that may be used by roadside doctors, dentists or barbers   Is hepatitis B transmitted casually?No, hepatitis B is not spread through casual contact. You cannot get hepatitis B from the air, hugging, touching, sneezing, coughing, toilet seats or doorknobs. You cannot get hepatitis B from eating or drinking with someone who is infected or from eating food prepared by someone who has hepatitis B. Who is most likely to become infected with hepatitis B? Although everyone is at some risk for getting hepatitis B, there are some people who are more likely to get infected. Your job, lifestyle, or just being born into a family with hepatitis B can increase your chances of being infected. Here are some of the most common "high risk" groups -- but please remember that this is not a complete list:• People who are married to or live in close household contact with someone who has hepatitis B. This includes adults and children.• People who were born countries where hepatitis B is common, or whose parents were born in countries where hepatitis B is common (Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East). • People who live in or travel to countries where hepatitis B is very common (Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East).• Sexually active adults and teenagers • Men who have sex with men • Infants born to infected mothers • Healthcare workers and others who are exposed to blood in their jobs.• Emergency personnel • Patients who are on kidney dialysis• Residents and staff of group homes, institutions, or correctional facilities.• Recipients of blood transfusions before 1992, or more recent recipients of improperly screened blood• Injection drug users, past and present • People who get tattoos or body piercing • People who use roadside doctors, dentists or barbers What are the recommendations for the hepatitis B vaccine? The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants and children up to age 18 years by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC also recommends that adults in high-risk groups be vaccinated. The hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. The hepatitis B vaccine is also recommended for adults living with diabetes and those at high risk for infection due to their jobs, lifestyle, living situations, or country of birth. Since everyone is at some risk, all adults should seriously consider getting the hepatitis B vaccine for a lifetime protection against a preventable chronic liver disease. Is the hepatitis B vaccine safe? Yes, the hepatitis B vaccine is very safe and effective. In fact, it is the first “anti-cancer vaccine” because it can protect you from hepatitis B, which is the cause of 80% of all liver cancer in the world. With more than one billion doses given throughout the world, medical and scientific studies have shown the hepatitis B vaccine to be one of the safest vaccines ever made. Can I get hepatitis B from the vaccine?No, you cannot get hepatitis B from the vaccine. The vaccine is made from a synthetic yeast product in a laboratory. The most common side effects are redness and soreness in the arm where the shot is given. What is the hepatitis B vaccine schedule?The hepatitis B vaccine is available at your doctor's office and local health department or clinic. Three doses are generally required to complete the hepatitis B vaccine series, although there is an accelerated two-dose series for adolescents age 11 through 15 years, and there is a new 2-dose vaccine that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in adults in 2017. It is important to remember that babies born to infected mothers must receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in the delivery room or within the first 12 hours of life.• 1st Shot - At any given time, but newborns should receive this dose in the delivery room• 2nd Shot - At least one month (or 28 days) after the 1st shot• 3rd Shot - Six months after the 1st shot (or at least 2 months after the 2nd shot)There must be at least 16 weeks between the 1st and 3rd shot. If your vaccine schedule has been delayed, you do not need to start the series over, you can continue from where you have left off – even if there have been years between doses. To be certain that you are protected against hepatitis B, ask for a simple blood test to check your “hepatitis B antibody titers” (HBsAb) which will confirm whether the vaccination was successful. What else can I do to protect myself from hepatitis B?Since hepatitis B is spread through infected blood and infected body fluids, there are several simple things that you can do to protect yourself from possible infection until your vaccination is complete:• Avoid touching blood or any bodily fluids directly • Use condoms with sexual partners • Avoid illegal drugs and prescription drug misuse, including injection of such drugs • Avoid sharing sharp objects such as razors, toothbrushes, earrings, and nail clippers • Make sure that sterile needles and equipment are used for medicine, the dentist, acupuncture, tattoos, ear and body piercing • Wear gloves and use a fresh solution of bleach and water to clean up blood spills • Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after touching or cleaning up blood • Most importantly, make sure you receive the hepatitis B vaccine!

    https://www.hepb.org/languages/turkish/prevention-and-vaccination/

  • Урьдчилан сэргийлэх болон Вакцинжуулалт  Гепатит Б хэрхэн халддаг вэ?Гепатит Б нь цусан дахь вирусаар халдварладаг халдварт өвчин юм. Гепатит Б вирус халддаг хамгийн нийтлэг замуудыг доор жагсаалаа. Халдвартай цус болон биологийн шингэнд шууд хүрэлцсэнээр  Халдвар авсан эхээс нярайд жирэмслэлтийн явцад болон төрөх үеэр  Халдвар авсан хүнтэй хамгаалалтгүй бэлгийн харьцаанд орсноор  Зүү тариурыг дундаа болон дахин хэрэглэснээс (Жишээлбэл: хар тамхи, хууль бус бодис хэрэглэхдээ зүү тариурыг дундаа хэрэглэх, бүрэн ариутгаагүй зүү тариурыг дахин хэрэглэх, шивээс хийлгэх, чих болон биендээ персинг хийлгэх, зүү эмчилгээ зэрэг байж болно)  Баталгаагүй эмч, шүдний эмч, хануурч нар ариутгаагүй эмнэлгийн хэрэгсэл, зүү тариур хэрэглэж байх магадлалтай Гепатит Б ахуйн замаар халдварладаг уу? Үгүй, гепатит Б нь өдөр тутмын ахуйн замаар халддаггүй.Уг өвчин нь агаар дуслын замаар болон тэврэлдэх, хүрэх, найтаах, ханиах болон хаалганы бариул, жорлонгийн суултуур зэргээр халдварладаггүй.Түүнчлэн хэн нэгэнтэй хамт хооллох, уух болон халдвар авсан хэн нэгний бэлтгэсэн хоолноос халдвар авах боломжгүй. Ямар хүмүүс гепатит Б-ийн халдвар авах магадлал өндөртэй вэ? Хүн болгон гепатит Б вирус халдварлах эрсдэлтэй ч тодорхой бүлэг хүмүүс халдвар авах магадлал илүү өндөр байдаг. Таны ажил, амьдралын хэв маяг эсвэл зүгээр л гепатит Б вирусын халдвартай гэр бүлийн гишүүн болж төрснөөр л халдвар авах магадлал ихсэж байдаг. Халдвар авах "өндөр эрсдэлтэй" бүлгүүдийг жагсаалаа. Гэвч эдгээр нь бүрэн жагсаалт биш юм. Гепатит Б вирусын халдвар авсан хүнтэй гэрлэсэн эсвэл хамт амьдардаг хүмүүс (насанд хүрэгчид, хүүхдүүд) Гепатит Б вирусын тархалт ихтэй бүс нутгуудын иргэд, эсвэл эцэг эх нь тус орнуудаас гаралтай хүмүүс (Ази, Африк болон Өмнөд Америкийн зарим хэсэг, Зүүн Европ, Ойрхи Дорнодын орнууд)  Гепатит Б вирусын тархалт ихтэй бүс нутгуудын иргэд, эсвэл тус бүс нутгуудаар аялж буй жуулчид (Ази, Африк болон Өмнөд Америкийн зарим хэсэг, Зүүн Европ, Ойрхи Дорнодын орнууд) Сексийн идэвхтэй насандаа явж буй өсвөр насныхан болон насанд хүрэгчид  Эрчүүд хоорондоо бэлгийн хавьталд орж байгаа тохиолдолд  Халдвар авсан эхээс нярайд  Ажлын шаардлагаар цус цусан бүтээгдэхүүнтэй харьцдаг эмч сувилагч нар болон бусад ажилтнууд Түргэн тусламжийн ажилтнууд  Бөөрний диализ хийлгэж буй өвчтөнүүд Сувиллын газар, байгууллага, засан хүмүүжүүлэхэд байгаа хүмүүс, ажилчид 1992 оноос өмнө цус сэлбүүлсэн өвчтөнүүд эсвэл зориулалтын бус аргаар цус сэлбүүлсэн хүмүүс Хар тамхи тарьж хэрэглэдэг байсан болон хэрэглэж байгаа хүмүүс  Шивээс болон персинг хийлгэсэн хүмүүс  Баталгаагүй эмч, шүдний эмч, үсчний үйлчилгээ авдаг хүмүүс Гепатит Б-ийн эсрэг санал болгож буй ямар вакцинууд байдаг вэ? Гепатит Б-ийн эсрэг вакциныг дөнгөж төрсөн нярай болон 18 хүртэлх насны хүүхдүүдэд хийлгэхийг ДЭМБ болон АНУ-ын ӨХУСТ зөвлөдөг. Түүнчлэн ӨХУСТ өндөр эрсдэл бүхий насанд хүрэгчдийн бүлгүүдэд вакцин хийлгэхийг зөвлөдөг байна.Гепатит Б-ийн вакцин нь нярай хүүхэд болон 18 нас хүртэлх хүүхдүүдэд аюулгүй, бөгөөд үр дүнтэй вакцин юм. Түүнчлэн гепатит Б-ийн вакциныг чихрийн шижин өвчтэй хүмүүс болон ажил, амьдралын онцлогоор, эсвэл төрсөн нутгийн байршлаас хамааран халдвар авах өндөр магадлалтай хүмүүсийг хийлгэхийг санал болгодог Хүн бүр их бага хэмжээгээр халдвар авах эрсдэл байдаг учраас архаг элэгний өвчлөлөөс сэргийлэн гепатит Б-ийн вакциныг хийлгэх нь таны амьдралын турш уг өвчнөөс хамгаалах хамгаалалт болох юм. Гепатит Б-ийн вакцинууд аюулгүй юу? Тийм, гепатит Б-ийн вакцин нь аюулгүй бөгөөд өндөр үр дүнтэй. Гепатит Б-ийн вакцин нь анхны "хорт хавдрын эсрэг вакцин" юм. Учир нь уг вакцин дэлхий дээрх элэгний хорт хавдрын өвчлөлийн шалтгааны 80 хувийг эзэлдэг гепатит Б вирусаас таныг хамгаалж чадна. Дэлхий дахинаа тэрбум гаруй тунгаар тарьж хэрэглэсэн туршлагаас харахад гепатит Б-ийн вакцин нь хамгийн аюулгүй вакцинуудын нэгт зүй ёсоор орж байна. Вакцин хийлгэх үедээ гепатит Б-ийн халдвар авах эрсдэлтэй юу?Үгүй, та вакцинаас гепатит Б халдварлахгүй. Энэхүү вакциныг лабораторийн аргаар гаргаж авдаг.Вакцин хийлгэснээс үүсэх хамгийн түгээмэл сөрөг нөлөө гэвэл тариулсан хэсэгт улайж хөндүүрлэх явдал юм. Гепатит Б-ийн вакциныг ямар хуваарийн дагуу хийлгэх ёстой вэ?Гепатит Б-н вакциныг та оршин суугаа газрынхаа эмнэлэг эрүүл мэндийн байгууллага, эмч нараар хийлгэх боломжтой. Ерөнхийдөө гурван удаагийн тарилгаар вакциныг бүрэн тариулсан гэж үздэг ч 11-15 насны хүүхдүүдэд түргэвчилсэн хоёр удаагийн тарилга хийж болдог. Түүнчлэн АНУ-н Хүнс, Эмийн Зохицуулалтын холбооноос 2017 онд зөвшөөрөгдсөн 2 удаа тариулдаг шинэ вакцин гарсан байдаг.Халдвартай эхээс төрсөн нярай эхээс төрсөн даруйдаа төрөх өрөөнд эсвэл 12 цагийн дотор гепатит Б-н вакцины анхны тарилгаа хийлгэх ёстой байдаг. 1 дэх тарилга - Төрөх өрөөнд эсвэл өгөгдсөн цагийн дотор нярайд эхний тарилгыг хийнэ 2 дахь тарилга - Анх тариулснаас хамгийн багадаа 1 сар (28 хоног)-ын дараа хийгдэнэ 3 дахь тарилга - 1 дэх тарилгаас зургаан сарын дараа (эсвэл 2 дахь тарилгаас хамгийн багадаа 2 сарын дараа) тариулна 1 дэх болон 3 дахь тарилгын хооронд 16-н долоо хоногийн зай байх ёстой. Хэрвээ та вакцин хийлгэх хугацаанаасаа хоцорсон бол дахин эхлэх шаардлагагүй бөгөөд хэдэн жилээр хоцорсон ч хамаагүй хамгийн сүүлд тариулсан тарилгаас үргэлжлүүлэх нь зөв. Вакцинжуулалт амжилттай болж гепатит Б-ээс хамгаалагдсан эсэхээ шалгахыг хүсвэл энгийн цусны шинжилгээ өгч "гепатит Б-ийн антибоди титр" (HBsAB) гэсэн хэсгийг шалгахад болно. Гепатит Б-ээс өөрийгөө хамгаалахын тулд юу хийж болох вэ?Гепатит Б нь цус болон биологийн шингэнээр дамжин халдварладаг тул та дараах энгийн зүйлсийг мөрдсөнөөр вакцин хийлгэж дуустал өөрийгөө халдвараас хамгаалж болно. Аливаа биологийн шингэнд шууд хүрэлцэхээс зайлсхийх  Бэлгийн хавьтлын үед бэлгэвч хэрэглэх  Хууль бус хориглосон эмийн бодисыг шууд болон тарилгаар хэрэглэхээс зайлсхийх  Хурц иртэй сахлын хутга, шүдний сойз, ээмэг болон хумсны хутгыг бусадтай хувааж хэрэглэхгүй байх  Зүү тавиулах, шивээс хийлгэх, персинг хийлгэх болон шүдээ янзлуулахдаа нэг удаагийн ариутгасан зүү тариур хэрэглэж байгаа эсэхийг шалгах  Цус асгарсан газрыг цэвэрлэхдээ бээлий өмсөж, хлорын шохой болон усны найрлагатай шингэн хэрэглэх  Цус цэвэрлэсний дараа гараа савандаж угаах  Хамгийн гол нь та гепатит Б-ийн вакцин хийлгэх шаардлагатай! Prevention and Vaccination How can I get hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by a virus that is spread through blood. Listed below are the most common ways hepatitis B is passed to others: Direct contact with infected blood or infected bodily fluids  From an infected mother to her newborn baby during pregnancy or delivery  Unprotected sex with an infected partner  Shared or re-used needles (for example, sharing needles for illegal drugs or re-using needles that are not properly sterilized for medicine, acupuncture, tattoos, or ear/body piercing)  Unsterilized medical equipment or needles that may be used by roadside doctors, dentists or barbers Is hepatitis B transmitted casually?No, hepatitis B is not spread through casual contact. You cannot get hepatitis B from the air, hugging, touching, sneezing, coughing, toilet seats or doorknobs. You cannot get hepatitis B from eating or drinking with someone who is infected or from eating food prepared by someone who has hepatitis B. Who is most likely to become infected with hepatitis B? Although everyone is at some risk for getting hepatitis B, there are some people who are more likely to get infected. Your job, lifestyle, or just being born into a family with hepatitis B can increase your chances of being infected. Here are some of the most common "high risk" groups -- but please remember that this is not a complete list: People who are married to or live in close household contact with someone who has hepatitis B. This includes adults and children. People who were born countries where hepatitis B is common, or whose parents were born in countries where hepatitis B is common (Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East).  People who live in or travel to countries where hepatitis B is very common (Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East). Sexually active adults and teenagers  Men who have sex with men  Infants born to infected mothers  Healthcare workers and others who are exposed to blood in their jobs. Emergency personnel  Patients who are on kidney dialysis Residents and staff of group homes, institutions, or correctional facilities. Recipients of blood transfusions before 1992, or more recent recipients of improperly screened blood Injection drug users, past and present  People who get tattoos or body piercing  People who use roadside doctors, dentists or barbers What are the recommendations for the hepatitis B vaccine? The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants and children up to age 18 years by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC also recommends that adults in high-risk groups be vaccinated. The hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. The hepatitis B vaccine is also recommended for adults living with diabetes and those at high risk for infection due to their jobs, lifestyle, living situations, or country of birth. Since everyone is at some risk, all adults should seriously consider getting the hepatitis B vaccine for a lifetime protection against a preventable chronic liver disease. Is the hepatitis B vaccine safe? Yes, the hepatitis B vaccine is very safe and effective. In fact, it is the first “anti-cancer vaccine” because it can protect you from hepatitis B, which is the cause of 80% of all liver cancer in the world. With more than one billion doses given throughout the world, medical and scientific studies have shown the hepatitis B vaccine to be one of the safest vaccines ever made. Can I get hepatitis B from the vaccine?No, you cannot get hepatitis B from the vaccine. The vaccine is made from a synthetic yeast product in a laboratory. The most common side effects are redness and soreness in the arm where the shot is given. What is the hepatitis B vaccine schedule?The hepatitis B vaccine is available at your doctor's office and local health department or clinic. Three doses are generally required to complete the hepatitis B vaccine series, although there is an accelerated two-dose series for adolescents age 11 through 15 years, and there is a new 2-dose vaccine that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in adults in 2017. It is important to remember that babies born to infected mothers must receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in the delivery room or within the first 12 hours of life. 1st Shot - At any given time, but newborns should receive this dose in the delivery room 2nd Shot - At least one month (or 28 days) after the 1st shot 3rd Shot - Six months after the 1st shot (or at least 2 months after the 2nd shot) There must be at least 16 weeks between the 1st and 3rd shot. If your vaccine schedule has been delayed, you do not need to start the series over, you can continue from where you have left off – even if there have been years between doses. To be certain that you are protected against hepatitis B, ask for a simple blood test to check your “hepatitis B antibody titers” (HBsAb) which will confirm whether the vaccination was successful. What else can I do to protect myself from hepatitis B?Since hepatitis B is spread through infected blood and infected body fluids, there are several simple things that you can do to protect yourself from possible infection until your vaccination is complete:  Avoid touching blood or any bodily fluids directly  Use condoms with sexual partners  Avoid illegal drugs and prescription drug misuse, including injection of such drugs  Avoid sharing sharp objects such as razors, toothbrushes, earrings, and nail clippers  Make sure that sterile needles and equipment are used for medicine, the dentist, acupuncture, tattoos, ear and body piercing  Wear gloves and use a fresh solution of bleach and water to clean up blood spills  Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after touching or cleaning up blood  Most importantly, make sure you receive the hepatitis B vaccine!

    https://www.hepb.org/languages/mongolian/hepatitis-b-vaccination/

  • ຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປ  ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນຫຍັງ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນການຕິດເຊື້ອຢູ່ໃນຕັບທີ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນທົ່ວໂລກ. ມັນເກີດຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ (HBV) ຊຶ່ງເຂົ້າໄປທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ມັນສາມາດຕິດເຊື້ອຜ່ານທາງກະແສເລືອດ, ການມີເພດສໍາພັນທີ່ບໍ່ມີການປ້ອງກັນ, ໃຊ້ເຂັມຮ່ວມກັນ ຫຼື ໃຊ້ເຂັມທີ່ໃຊ້ແລ້ວ, ແລະ ຕິດເຊື້ອຈາກແມ່ໄປຫາລູກຂອງລາວໃນເວລາຖືພາ ຫຼື ອອກລູກ. ຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອທຸກຄົນສາມາດຫາຍຂາດຈາກການຕິດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄດ້ ໂດຍບໍ່ມີບັນຫາໃດ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ, ຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ບາງຄົນ, ເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ແລະ ເດັກນ້ອຍທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອທຸກຄົນ ອາດຈະບໍ່ສາມາດຫາຍຂາດຈາກການຕິດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ຈະຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍ້າເຮື້ອ (ຈົນກວ່າຈະເສັຍຊີວິດ). ຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ມີວັກຊີນທີ່ປອດໄພ ໃນການປ້ອງກັນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ການປິ່ນປົວໃໝ່ໃຫ້ແກ່ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລ້ວ. ມີຈັກຄົນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້?ຢູ່ໃນທົ່ວໂລກ, ມີ 2 ຕື້ຄົນ (1 ໃນ 3 ຄົນ) ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້; ແລະ 257 ລ້ານຄົນເປັນຄົນເຈັບຕັບອັກເສບຊໍາເຮື້ອ (ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ພວກເຂົາບໍ່ສາມາດຫາຍຂາດຈາກໄວຣັສໄດ້).ປະມານ 700,000 ຄົນ ເສຍຊີວິດໃນແຕ່ລະປີຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ອາການແຊກຊ້ອນຂອງມັນ. ເປັນຫຍັງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຈຶ່ງພົບເຫັນຢູ່ຫຼາຍບ່ອນໃນທົ່ວໂລກ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສາມາດຕິດແປດກັບບຸກຄົນຜູ່ໃດກໍ່ໄດ້ ໃນທຸກອາຍຸ ຫຼື ທຸກຊົນເຜົ່າ, ແຕ່ວ່າ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ພົບເຫັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ທະວີບ ອາຊີ, ອາຟຣິກາ ແລະ ອາເມລິກາເໜືອ, ຢຸໂຣບຕາເວັນອອກ, ແລະ ຕາເວັນອອກກາງ ຊຶ່ງເປັນບັນດາພາກພື້ນທີ່ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງສູງໃນການຕິດເຊື້ອ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຍັງພົບເຫັນທົ່ວໄປໃນຄົນອາເມລິກາທີ່ເກີດ (ຫຼື ພໍ່ແມ່ເກີດ) ໃນພາກພື້ນເຫຼົ່ານີ້. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນພົບເຫັນໄດ້ທົ່ວໄປໃນບາງພາກພື້ນຂອງໂລກ ຍ້ອນວ່າມີຫຼາຍຄົນໄດ້ຕິດເຊື້ອ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ແລ້ວ ໃນເຂດພາກພື້ນເຫຼົ່ານີ້. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ບໍ່ແມ່ນ “ພະຍາດຂອງຄົນເອເຊຍ” ຫຼື “ພະຍາດຂອງຄົນອັຟຣິກັນ”, ມັນກະທົບຕໍ່ຄົນຫຼາຍຮ້ອຍລ້ານຄົນຈາກພາກພື້ນນີ້ - ສະນັ້ນ ຈຶ່ງມີຄົນຫຼາຍຄົນທີ່ສາມາດສົ່ງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຈຶ່ງເພີ່ມຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການຕິດເຊື້ອໃຫ້ແກ່ທ່ານ. ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ມີຊາວຕາເວັນຕົກ ຈໍານວນໜ້ອຍທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ, ສະນັ້ນ ກຸ່ມຄົນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄດ້ໜ້ອຍກວ່າ. ຢູ່ໃນຫຼາຍພາກພື້ນ ທີ່ພົບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທົ່ວໄປ, ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຈາກແມ່ ຊຶ່ງບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າລາວໄດ້ສົ່ງໄວຣັສ໌ເຂົ້າໃຫ້ລູກຂອງລາວໃນເວລາໃຫ້ກໍາເນີດ. ເດັກອ່ອນ ຍັງມີຄວາມສ່ຽງຖ້າວ່າພວກເຂົາອາໃສຢູ່ໃກ້ຊິດກັບສະມາຊິກໃນຄອບຄົວທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ. ເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ແລະ ເດັກນ້ອຍ ມີແນວໂນ້ມທີ່ຈະໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ຍ້ອນລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານທີ່ຍັງໜຸ່ມນ້ອຍຂອງພວກເຂົາມີບັນຫາໃນການຕ້ານກັບໄວຣັສ໌. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານ ຫຼື ຄອບຄົວຂອງທ່ານ ແມ່ນມາຈາກພື້ນທີ່ໃນແຜນທີ່ ທີ່ເປັນສີດໍາເຂັ້ມ, ທ່ານອາດຈະໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມສ່ຽງຫຼາຍກວ່າໃນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແລະ ຄວນຈະລົມກັບທ່ານໝໍກ່ຽວກັບການກວດຊອກຫາພະຍາດ. ເປັນຫຍັງຂ້ອຍຄວນຈະວິຕົກກັງວົນກ່ຽວກັບຕັບອັກເສບ B?ຕັບອັກເສບ B ຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ສາມາດນໍາໄປສູ່ການເປັນພະຍາດກ່ຽວກັບຕັບຂັ້ນຮ້າຍແຮງ ເຊັ່ນ: ຕັບແຂງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບ. ສິ່ງສຳຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງໄປກວດ ຍ້ອນວ່າການບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດໄດ້ໄວເທົ່າໃດ ກໍ່ສາມາດໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ໄວເທົ່ານັ້ນ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດຮັກສາຊີວິດຂອງທ່ານໄດ້. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ ຍັງສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໄດ້. ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າພວກເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ, ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ພວກເຂົາຈຶ່ງແຜ່ເຊື້ອໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນຫຼາຍຄົນແບບບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ. ຖ້າວ່າພວກເຂົາບໍ່ໄປກວດ, ຕັບອັກເສບ B ສາມາດແຜ່ເຊື້ອໄປໃຫ້ຫຼາຍເຊັ່ນຄົນໃນຄອບຄົວໜຶ່ງ ແລະ ທົ່ວຊຸມຊົນ. ມີເລື່ອງຊາລືກັນໄປວ່າ ຕັບອັກເສບ B ສາມາດ “ສືບທອດທາງກໍາມະພັນ” ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ຫຼາຍເຊັ່ນຄົນໃນຄອບຄົວໜຶ່ງອາດຈະໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ. ແຕ່ວ່າ ຕັບອັກເສບ B ບໍ່ແມ່ນພະຍາດທາງກໍາມະພັນ -- ຕັບອັກເສບ B ແມ່ນເກີດມາຈາກໄວຣັສ, ຊຶ່ງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຈະຕິດຕໍ່ຜ່ານສະມາຊິກໃນຄອບຄົວຈາກແມ່ຫາລູກ ຫຼື ຈາກການສໍາພັດທາງເລືອດຢູ່ໃນຄອບຄົວແບບບັງເອີນ. ບັນດາຄອບຄົວເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນ ສາມາດຢຸດວົງຈອນການຕິດເຊື້ອຈາກ ຕັບອັກເສບ B ໄດ້ໂດຍການເຂົ້າໄປກວດ, ສັກວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ ປິ່ນປົວ. ເປັນຫຍັງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຈຶ່ງເປັນອັນຕະລາຍ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນມີອັນຕະລາຍ ຍ້ອນວ່າມັນແມ່ນ “ພະຍາດງຽບ” ທີ່ສາມາດຕິດຕໍ່ຈາກຄົນສູ່ຄົນໂດຍບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ.ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າພວກເຂົາຕິດເຊື້ອ ແລະ ສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໂດຍບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕຜ່ານທາງກະແສເລືອດ ແລະ ທາດແຫລວໃນຮ່າງກາຍທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ. ສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຈະມີຄວາມສ່ຽງເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ເປັນພະຍາດຕັບແຂງ ແລະ/ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບໃນຕອນທ້າຍຂອງຊີວິດ. ໄວຣັສ໌ສາມາດເຂົ້າຫາຕັບໄດ້ຢ່າງວ່ອງໄວ ແລະ ຕໍ່ເນື່ອງໃນໄລຍະເວລາຫຼາຍປີ ໂດຍທີ່ບໍ່ສາມາດສືບຫາໄດ້. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນເປັນແນວໃດ?ການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ແບບກະທັນຫັນ ອາດຈະຢູ່ໄດ້ຮອດຫົກເດືອນ (ມີ ຫຼື ບໍ່ມີອາການ) ແລະ ຄົນທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໃນໄລຍະເວລາດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້. ອາການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນ ອາດຈະມີອາການເຫຼົ່ານີ້: ການເບື່ອອາຫານ, ປວດຄໍ່ກະດູກ ແລະ ກ້າມເນື້ອ, ເປັນໄຂ້ຕໍ່າ, ແລະ ອາດຈະມີອາການເຈັບທ້ອງ. ເຖິງວ່າ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຈະບໍ່ສະແດງອາການ, ພວກເຂົາສາມາດສະແດງອາການໄດ້ພາຍໃນ 60-150 ວັນ ຫຼັງຈາກຕິດເຊື້ອ, ໂດຍສະເລ່ຍແມ່ນ 3 ເດືອນ. ບາງຄົນອາດຈະມີອາການຮຸນແຮງຂຶ້ນ ເຊັ່ນ: ວິນຫົວ, ຮາກ, ຕົວເຫຼືອງ (ຕາ ແລະ ຜີວໜັງເຫຼືອງ), ຫຼື ທ້ອງໄຂ່ ຊຶ່ງພວກເຂົາຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮັບການດູແລສຸຂະພາບຈາກທ່ານໝໍ. ການກວດເລືອດແບບງ່າຍໆກໍ່ສາມາດບອກໄດ້ວ່າ ບຸກຄົນດັ່ງກ່າວມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຢູ່ໃນເລືອດຂອງພວກເຂົາຫຼືບໍ່. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບການບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າ ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ແບບກະທັນຫັນ, ທ່ານໝໍຈະຕ້ອງກວດເລືອດຂອງທ່ານອີກຄັ້ງໜຶ່ງໃນໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ເພື່ອກວດພົບວ່າທ່ານດີຂຶ້ນບໍ່, ຫຼືວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ຈົນກວ່າທ່ານໝໍດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານຈະຢັ້ງຢືນວ່າ ທ່ານບໍ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນເລືອດອີກຕໍ່ໄປ, ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນຈະຕ້ອງປົກປ້ອງຄົນອື່ນຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອທີ່ອາດເກີດຂຶ້ນໄດ້. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງໃຫ້ຄູ່ຮ່ວມເພດສໍາພັນ ແລະ ສະມາຊິກໃນຄອບຄົວຂອງທ່ານ (ຫຼື ຜູ່ທີ່ອາໃສຢູ່ພາຍໃນຄົວເຮືອນທີ່ໃກ້ຊິດກັບທ່ານ) ໄດ້ຮັບການກວດຫາໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ຖ້າວ່າພວກເຂົາບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ - ແລະບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບວັກຊີນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ - ພວກເຂົາຄວນຈະເລີ່ມໄດ້ຮັບການສີດວັກຊີນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຄົບຊຸດ. ຜູ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນ ຈະບໍ່ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສະເພາະ - ບໍ່ມີການປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ, ແລະ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອທີ່ເປັນຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ ຈະດີຂຶ້ນດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ. ບາງຄັ້ງ, ຄົນທີ່ມີອາການຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງອາດຈະໄດ້ຮັບການເບິ່ງແຍງຢູ່ໂຮງໝໍ ເພື່ອຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອແບບທົ່ວໄປ. ການພັກຜ່ອນ ແລະ ການບໍລິຫານອາການເຈັບປ່ວຍ ແມ່ນເປົ້າໝາຍຫຼັກໃນການປິ່ນປົວສຸຂະພາບນີ້. ເຫດການທີ່ບໍ່ຄ່ອຍພົບເຫັນ ເອີ້ນວ່າ “ຕັບອັກເສບ ຫຼື ຕັບວາຍ” ສາມາດເກີດຂຶ້ນໄດ້ຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນແບບໃໝ່ ແລະ ຕ້ອງການຄວາມເອົາໃຈໃສ່ດ້ານສຸຂະພາບທັນທີ, ແບບຮີບດ່ວນ ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ຮ່າງກາຍຂອງບຸກຄົນດັ່ງກ່າວອາດຈະຖືກທໍາລາຍຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຢ່າງກະທັນຫັນ. ວິທີການງ່າຍໆໃນການດູແລຕັບຂອງທ່ານໃນໄລຍະທີ່ມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນ ແມ່ນຫຼີກລ່ຽງການກິນເຫລົ້າ, ຢຸດ ຫຼື ຫ້າມສູບຢາ, ກິນອາຫານເພື່ອສຸຂະພາບ, ຫຼີກລ່ຽງອາຫານມັນ ຫຼື ມີໄຂມັນ, ແລະ ປຶກສາກັບຜູ່ໃຫ້ການດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານກ່ຽວກັບຢາທີ່ທ່ານຈະຕ້ອງກິນ (ການສັ່ງຢາ, ຢາທີ່ຊື້ຢູ່ຮ້ານຂາຍຢາ, ວິຕາມິນ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມທີ່ເປັນສະໝຸນໄພ) ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໝັ້ນໃຈວ່າ ພວກມັນປອດໄພກັບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ນີ້ແມ່ນເວລາທີ່ດີໃນການຖາມຄໍາຖາມຕ່າງໆທີ່ທ່ານຢາກຮູ້. ການໃຊ້ວິຕາມິນ ແລະ ອາຫານເສີມສຸຂະພາບຂອງຕັບ ອາດຈະບໍ່ຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ທ່ານອາການດີຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ອາດຈະທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ຫຼາຍກວ່າທີ່ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ອາການດີຂຶ້ນ. ຈົ່ງປະຕິບັດຕາມຄໍາແນະນໍາຂອງທ່ານໝໍຂອງທ່ານ ເພື່ອກວດເລືອດເພີ່ມເຕີມ ຊຶ່ງມີຄວາມຈໍາເປັນໃນການຢັ້ງຢືນອາການຂອງທ່ານຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນ.ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ຊໍາເຮື້ອເປັນແນວໃດ?ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການກວດເລືອດ ແລະ ພົບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນໄລຍະເວລາຫຼາຍກວ່າຫົກເດືອນ (ຫຼັງຈາກການກວດເລືອດຄັ້ງທໍາອິດຂອງພວກເຂົາ) ແມ່ນຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າ ມີການຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ນີ້ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານຂອງພວກເຂົາ ບໍ່ສາມາດຕໍ່ສູ້ກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄດ້ ແລະ ເຊື້ອຍັງຢູ່ໃນກະແສເລືອດ ແລະ ຕັບຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ມີວິທີການທີ່ມີປະສິດທິຜົນໃນການປິ່ນປົວ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມການຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ແຕ່ບໍ່ມີວິທີປິ່ນປົວໃຫ້ດີຖາວອນ. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ໄວຣັສ໌ອາດຈະຍັງມີຢູໃນເລືອດຂອງທ່ານຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດ. ຜູ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ສາມາດສົ່ງໄວຣັສໃຫ້ບຸກຄົນອື່ນແບບບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຍັງສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ເປັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ, ເຊັ່ນ: ຕັບແຂງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບ. ບໍ່ແມ່ນທຸກຄົນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍ້າເຮື້ອຈະເປັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ, ພວກເຂົາກໍ່ມີໂອກາດຫຼາຍກວ່າຜູທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອ. ຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ແມ່ນກ່ຽວກັບອາຍຸທີ່ຄົນຜູ່ໜຶ່ງໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຄັ້ງທໍາອິດດ້ວຍໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້: 90% ຂອງເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ ແລະ ເດັກອ່ອນ ຈະພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຮອດ 50% ຂອງເດັກນ້ອຍທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ (1-5 ປີ) ຈະພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ 5-10% ຂອງຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຈະພັດທະນາການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ (ນັ້ນແມ່ນ, 90% ຈະເຊົາ) ຮຽນຮູ້ວ່າ ທ່ານມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ໃຈຮ້າຍ. ຍ້ອນວ່າຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ບໍ່ມີອາການ ແລະ ສາມາດບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດໄດ້ຫຼັງຈາກໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ເປັນເວລາຮອດສິບປີ, ເມື່ອຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າ ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ອາດຈະຮູ້ສຶກຕົກໃຈ ແລະ ປະຫລາດໃຈ. ຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຄວນຄາດວ່າຈະດໍາລົງຊີວິດຢູ່ໄດ້ຍາວນານ ແລະ ມີສຸຂະພາບດີ. ແມ່ຍິງຖືພາທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ລູກເກີດໃໝ່ໃນເວລາອອກລູກ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ, ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອແລ້ວເປັນອັກເສບຕັບຊໍາເຮື້ອຂອງເດັກອ່ອນໃນເວລາເກີດແມ່ນມີສູງ, ທັງອົງການອານາໄມໂລກ (World Health Organization (WHO)) ແລະ ສູນຄວບຄຸມ ແລະ ປ້ອງກັນພະຍາດຂອງສະຫະຣັຖ (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)) ແນະນໍາໃຫ້ເດັກອ່ອນທຸກຄົນໄດ້ຮັບວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຄັ້ງທໍາອິດ ພາຍໃນ 12-24 ຊົ່ວໂລກ ຫຼັງຈາກເກີດຂຶ້ນມາ. ຖ້າວ່າທ່ານຖືກພາ ແລະ ທ່ານຮູ້ວ່າທ່ານຕິດເຊື້ອ, ທ່ານຕ້ອງໃຫ້ລູກຂອງທ່ານສັກວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຄັ້ງທໍາອິດພາຍໃນ 12-24 ຊົ່ວໂມງຫຼັງຈາກເກີດອອກມາ! ຍ້ອນວ່າບໍ່ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ແຕ່ວ່າມີຢາບໍາບັດທີ່ມີປະສິດທິພາບທີ່ສາມາດຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໄດ້ ແລະ ສາມາດຢຸດການທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ ໃນອະນາຄົດອັນໃກ້ໆນີ້ ຍັງອາດຈະມີຢາໃໝ່ໆເກີດຂຶ້ນຈາກການວິໃຈທີ່ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວພະຍາດນີ້ໄດ້. ເຖິງວ່າຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນການພັດທະນາເປັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບ ຂອງຄົນທີ່ເປັນພະຍາດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ແມ່ນມີສູງກວ່າຜູ່ທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຕິດເຊື້ອ, ແຕ່ຍັງມີສິ່ງງ່າຍດາຍຫຼາຍຢ່າງທີ່ຄົນຜູ່ໜຶ່ງສາມາດເຮັດໄດ້ເພື່ອຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ນັດພົບຊ່ຽວຊານສະເພາະທາງດ້ານຕັບ ຫຼື ຜູ່ໃຫ້ການເບິ່ງສຸຂະພາບ ເປັນປະຈໍາທຸກໆຫົກເດືອນ (ຫຼື ຢ່າງໜ້ອຍປີລະຄັ້ງ) ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜູ່ທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ກ່ຽວກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ເພື່ອໃຫ້ພວກເຂົາສາມາດຕິດຕາມສະພາບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ໂອ້ລົມກັບຜູ່ຈັດຫາການດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານວ່າ ການປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອຂອງທ່ານ ຈະມີປະໂຫຍດໃນການປ້ອງກັນພະຍາດຕັບຂັ້ນຮຸນແຮງ ຫຼື ມະເຮັງຕັບຫຼືບໍ່. ຕ້ອງໃຫ້ຜູ່ດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານກວດສຸຂະພາບຂັດກອງຫາມະເຮັງຕັບຂັ້ນຕົ້ນໃນເວລາເຂົ້າໄປປຶກສາ ຍ້ອນວ່າການກວດຫາພະຍາດແຕ່ຫົວທີ ຈະສາມາດມີທາງເລືອກໃນການປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ຫຼາຍກວ່າ ແລະ ມີຊີວິດທີ່ຍືນຍາວກວ່າ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງ ຫຼື ດື່ມສິ່ງມຶນເມົາ ແລະ ສູບຢາໃຫ້ໜ້ອຍລົງ ຍ້ອນວ່າທັງສອງຢ່າງນັ້ນເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຂອງທ່ານເຮັດວຽກໜັກຂຶ້ນ. ກິນອາການທີ່ດີຕໍ່ສຸຂະພາບ ໂດຍສະເພາະກິນຜັກໃຫ້ຫຼາຍໆ ຍ້ອນວ່າອາຫານປະເພດທອດ ແລະ ມີໄຂມັນ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຂອງທ່ານເຮັດວຽກໜັກ. “ຜູ່ຖືເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ” ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າແນວໃດ?ຖ້າວ່າມີຄົນໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ທ່ານໝໍຂອງພວກເຂົາອາດຈະໃຫ້ຄໍາເຫັນວ່າພວກເຂົາເປັນ “ຜູ່ ຖືເຊື້ອພະຍາດຊໍາເຮື້ອ”. ການເປັນ “ຜູ່ຖືເຊື້ອພະຍາດຊໍາເຮື້ອ” ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ທ່ານສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນ, ແລະ ທ່ານຄວນຈະໄດ້ຮັບການຄຸ້ມຄອງການຕິດເຊື້ອຂອງທ່ານຈາກທ່ານໝໍ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ບໍ່?ຄົນໜຸ່ມສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຈະຟື້ນໂຕຈາກການໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ ໂດຍບໍ່ຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງມີການປິ່ນປົວ. ສໍາລັບໄວໜຸ່ມ, ເດັກນ້ອຍ ແລະ ເດັກອ່ອນ ຜູ່ທີ່ພັດທະນາເປັນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ປັດຈຸບັນຈະບໍ່ມີການປິ່ນປົວ. ແຕ່ວ່າມີຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ມີການປິ່ນປົວທີ່ສາມາດຊ່ວຍ ເຮັດໃຫ້ການທຳລາຍຕັບຊ້າລົງສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ ໂດຍການເຮັດໃຫ້ການວິວັດຂອງໄວຣັສຊ້າລົງ. ຖ້າວ່າວິວັດການຂອງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊ້າລົງ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍໜ້ອຍລົງ.ດ້ວຍການວິໄຈໃໝ່ໆທີ່ໜ້າຕື່ນເຕັ້ນ, ມີຄວາມຫວັງຢ່າງຍິ່ງວ່າ ຈະມີການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອໃນອະນາຄົດອັນໃກ້ນີ້. ເຂົ້າ ເບິ່ງຢາ (Drug Watch) ເພື່ອຊອກລາຍຊື່ຢາຕ່າງໆທີ່ມີຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ໃນການພັດທະນາ. ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ດ້ວຍວິທີໃດແດ່?ສໍາລັບການຕິດເຊື້ອແບບກະທັນຫັນ ຈະບໍ່ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວນອກຈາກພັກຜ່ອນ ແລະ ກວດວິເຄາະເພື່ອປີ່ນປົວຕາມອາການຕ່າງໆ. ສໍາລັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ມີການປິ່ນປົວຫຼາຍຢ່າງທີ່ສາມາດພົບເຫັນໄດ້. ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າ ບໍ່ແມ່ນທຸກຄົນທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວ. ແພດຂອງທ່ານຈະຊ່ວຍທ່ານຕັດສິນໃຈວ່າທ່ານຕ້ອງການຢາປິ່ນປົວ ຫຼືວ່າ ທ່ານສາມາດລໍຖ້າ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມອາການຂອງທ່ານ. ມີຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຫຼາຍຊະນິດທີ່ສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ ຫຼື ຢຸດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ບໍ່ໃຫ້ມີບັນຫາແຊກຊ້ອນ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການອັກເສບ ແລະ ທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນການກິນຢາມື້ລະເມັດເປັນເວລາຢ່າງໜ້ອຍ 1 ປີ, ແຕ່ສ່ວນຫຼາຍແລ້ວແມ່ນດົນກວ່ານັ້ນ. ມີຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ U.S. FDA 6 ຊະນິດ ທີ່ໄດ້ຖືກຮັບຮອງ, ແຕ່ວ່າມີແຕ່ຢາ “ແຖວໜ້າ” ສາມຊະນິດເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາໃຫ້ໃຊ້: ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ດີໂຊໂປຣຊິນ (tenofovir disoproxil, Viread/TDF), ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ອາລາຟີນາໄມດ໌ (tenofovir alafenamide, Vemlidy/TAF) ແລະ ເອັນຕີຄາເວຍ໌ (entecavir8) (ບາຣາຄລູດ (Baraclude)). ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສແຖວໜ້າແມ່ນຢາທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາ ຍ້ອນວ່າພວກມັນປອດໄພກວ່າ ແລະ ມີປະສິດທິຜົນທີ່ສຸດ. ສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ບໍ່ຕອບສະໜອງຕໍ່ຢາ ຫຼື ບໍ່ໄດ້ໃຊ້ການປິ່ນປົວດ້ວຍຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ແຖວໜ້າ, ມີຢາປະເພດອື່ນໆທີ່ເປັນທາງເລືອກຄື: ເທວບູວີດິນ (telbivudine) (ໄຕຊີກາ (Tyzeka), ຊີບີໂວ (Sebivo)), ອາດີໂຟເວຍ (adefovir) ດີປີໂວຊິນ (dipivoxil) (ເຮັບຊີຣາ (Hepsera)), ແລະ ລາມີວູດິນ (lamivudine) ອີປີເວຍ-HBV (Epivir-HBV), ຊີຟິສ (Zeffix), ເຮັບໂຕດິນ (Heptodin). ເຖິງວ່າ FDA ໄດ້ຮັບຮອງຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອເຫຼົ່ານີ້, ແຕ່ພວກມັນກໍ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ໃຫ້ການປິ່ນປົວແບບສົມບູນ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ ພວກມັນສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງໄດ້ຫຼາຍ ຊຶ່ງຈະກ້າວໄປສູ່ການທຳລາຍຕັບ ແລະ ເປັນມະເຮັງຕັບ. ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ບໍ່ໄດ້ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ພະຍາດຢຸດ ແລະ ເລີ່ມໃໝ່ ຊຶ່ງນີ້ແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ວ່າເປັນຫຍັງການປະເມີນຜົນໂດຍໝໍທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນຫຼາຍ ກ່ອນຈະເລີ່ມໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ ຍັງມີຢາອິມມູໂນໂມດູເລເຕີ (immunomodulator) ທີ່ສົ່ງເສີມລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານທີ່ຊ່ວຍຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ພວກມັນແມ່ນຢາສັກຕະຫຼອດໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ຫາ 1 ປີ. ຢາທີ່ສັ່ງຈ່າຍສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນປະກອບດ້ວຍ ອິນເຕີເຟີຣອນ ອານຟາ-2b (ອິນທຣອນເອ, Intron A) ແລະ ພີກູເລຕິດ ອິນເຟີຣອນ (pegylated interferon (ພີກາຊີສ, Pegasys). ທ່ານ ແລະ ໝໍຂອງທ່ານ ຈະຕ້ອງປຶກສາຮ່ວມກັນເພື່ອຫາທາງເລືອກໃນການປິ່ນປົວກ່ອນຕັດສິນໃຈວ່າ ການປິ່ນປົວປະເພດໃດທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດສໍາລັບທ່ານ. ສໍາລັບຫຼາຍຄົນ, ການປິ່ນປົວເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຈະຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ ຫຼືຢຸດ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນເຈັບຮູ້ສຶກດີຂຶ້ນໃນພາຍສອງສາມເດືອນ ຍ້ອນວ່າການທໍາລາຍຂອງຕັບຈາກໄວຣັສແມ່ນຫຼຸດລົງ ຫຼືໃນບາງກໍລະນີແມ່ນກົງກັນຂ້າມ ເມື່ອກິນຢາໃນໄລຍະຍາວ. ຕ້ອງການເຂົ້າເບິ່ງລາຍຊື່ຢາຂອງ FDA ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງ ແລະ ຢາທີ່ສາມາດປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ອື່ນໆທີ່ພັດທະນາສໍາລັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້, ໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໄປທີ່ Drug Watch. General Information What is hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is the world's most common liver infection. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which attacks and injures the liver. It is transmitted through blood, unprotected sex, shared or re-used needles, and from an infected mother to her newborn baby during pregnancy or delivery. Most infected adults are able to get rid of the hepatitis B virus without any problems. However, some adults and most infected babies and children are unable to get rid of the virus and will develop chronic (life-long) infection. The good news is that there is a safe vaccine to prevent a hepatitis B infection and new treatments for those already infected with hepatitis B. How many people are affected by hepatitis B?Worldwide, 2 billion people (1 out of 3 people) have been infected with hepatitis B; and 257 million people are chronically infected (which means they are unable to get rid of the virus). An estimated 700,000 people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications. Why is hepatitis B more common in some parts of the world?Hepatitis B can infect any person of any age or ethnicity, but people from parts of the world where hepatitis B is common, such as Asia, parts of Africa and South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, are at much higher risk for getting infected. Hepatitis B is also common among Americans who were born (or whose parents were born) in these regions. Hepatitis B is more common in certain regions of the world because there are so many more people already infected with hepatitis B in these regions. Although hepatitis B is not an "Asian disease" or an “African disease,” it affects hundreds of millions of people from these regions – so there are more people who can pass the hepatitis B virus on to others. This increases the risk that you could get infected. Since there is a smaller number of Westerners who are infected, this group has a lower risk of infection. In regions where hepatitis B is common, people are usually infected as newborns - from a mother who unknowingly passes the virus to her baby during delivery. Young children are also at risk if they live in close daily contact with an infected family member. Babies and children are more likely to develop a chronic hepatitis B infection because their young immune systems have trouble getting rid of the virus. If you, or your family, is from an area of the map that is darker blue, you might be at greater risk for hepatitis B infection and should talk to a doctor about getting tested.   Why should I be concerned about hepatitis B?Chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious liver disease such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. It's important to get tested because early diagnosis can lead to early treatment which can save your life. Also, people who are infected can spread the virus to others. Since most people don't know they are infected, they are unknowingly spreading it to many other people. If people are not tested, hepatitis B can pass through several generations in one family and throughout the community. One common myth is that hepatitis B can be "inherited" since several generations in one family may be infected. But hepatitis B is NOT a genetic disease -- hepatitis B is caused by a virus, which is often transmitted among family members due to mother-to-child transmission or accidental household exposure to blood. Families can break the cycle of hepatitis B infection by getting tested, vaccinated and treated. Why is hepatitis B so dangerous?Hepatitis B is dangerous because it is a “silent infection” that can infect people without them knowing it. Most people who are infected with hepatitis B are unaware of their infection and can unknowingly pass the virus to others through their blood and infected bodily fluids. For those who become chronically infected, there is an increased risk of developing liver failure, cirrhosis and/or liver cancer later in life. The virus can quietly and continuously attack the liver over many years without being detected. What is acute hepatitis B?An acute hepatitis B infection may last up to six months (with or without symptoms) and infected persons are able to pass the virus to others during this time. Symptoms of an acute infection may include loss of appetite, joint and muscle pain, low-grade fever, and possible stomach pain. Although most people do not experience symptoms, they can appear 60-150 days after infection, with the average being 3 months. Some people may experience more severe symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin), or a bloated stomach that may cause them to see a health care provider. A simple blood test can tell a person if the hepatitis B virus is in their blood. If you have been diagnosed with acute hepatitis B, the doctor will need to test your blood again in 6 months to figure out if you have recovered, or if you have developed a chronic hepatitis B infection. Until your health care provider confirms that your blood test shows that there is no more hepatitis B virus in your blood, it is important to protect others from a possible infection. It is also important to have your sexual partner(s) and family members (or those you live in close household contact with) tested for hepatitis B. If they have not been infected – and have not received the hepatitis B vaccine – then they should start the hepatitis B vaccine series. People who have acute hepatitis B are not prescribed specific hepatitis B treatment – there is no treatment that will get rid of an acute hepatitis B infection, and most people infected as adults recover on their own. Sometimes, a person with severe symptoms may be hospitalized for general support. Rest and managing symptoms are the primary goals of this medical care. A rare, life-threatening condition called “fulminant hepatitis” can occur with a new acute infection and requires immediate, urgent medical attention since a person can go into sudden liver failure. Simple tips for taking care of your liver during an acute hepatitis B infection are to avoid alcohol, stop or limit smoking, eat healthy foods, avoid greasy or fatty foods, and talk to your health care provider about any medications you are taking (prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, vitamins or herbal supplements) to make sure they are safe for your liver. This is a good time to ask any other questions you may have. The use of vitamins and liver health supplements will likely not assist your recovery and may actually cause more harm than good to the liver. Be sure to follow-up with your health care provider for any additional blood tests that are needed to confirm your recovery from an acute infection. What is chronic hepatitis B?People who test positive for the hepatitis B virus for more than six months (after their first blood test result) are diagnosed as having a chronic infection. This means their immune system was not able to get rid of the hepatitis B virus and it still remains in their blood and liver. There are effective ways to treat and manage a chronic infection, but there is no cure. If you are chronically infected, the virus will likely remain in your blood for the rest of your life. People who have chronic hepatitis B can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Chronic hepatitis B can also lead to serious liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Not every person who is chronically infected will develop serious liver disease. However, they have a greater chance than someone who is not infected.The risk of developing a chronic hepatitis B infection is related to the age at which one first becomes infected with the hepatitis B virus: 90% of infected newborns and babies will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection Up to 50% of infected children (1-5 years) will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection 5-10% of infected adults will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection (that is, 90% will recover) Learning that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection can be very upsetting. Because most people do not have symptoms and can be diagnosed decades after their initial exposure to the hepatitis B virus, it can be a shock and a surprise to be diagnosed with a chronic hepatitis B infection. The good news is that most people with chronic hepatitis B should expect to live a long and healthy life. Infected pregnant women can pass the virus to their newborns during childbirth. Therefore, since the risk of newborns becoming chronically infected at birth is high, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all infants receive the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12-24 hours after birth. If you are pregnant and you know that you are infected, you can make sure that your baby gets the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12-24 hours after delivery! While there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B infection, there are effective drug therapies that can control the hepatitis B virus and stop it from damaging the liver. There are also promising new drugs in the research phase that could provide a cure in the very near future. Although the risk of developing a serious liver disease or liver cancer is higher for those living with chronic hepatitis B than those who are not infected, there are still many simple things a person can do to help reduce their risk. Schedule regular visits every six months (or at least every year) with a liver specialist or a health care provider who is knowledgeable about hepatitis B so they can monitor the health of your liver. Talk to your health care provider about whether treatment for your chronic hepatitis B infection would be helpful in preventing serious liver disease or liver cancer. Make sure that your health care provider screens you for liver cancer during your regular visits since early detection equals more treatment options and a longer life. Avoid or limit alcohol and smoking since both cause a lot of stress to your liver. Eat a healthy diet with lots of vegetables since fried, greasy foods are hard on your liver.   What does it mean to be a “chronic carrier”?When someone has a chronic hepatitis B infection, their doctor may refer to them as being a “chronic carrier.” Being a “chronic carrier” means that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection, can pass the virus on to others, and you should be managed by a doctor for your infection. Is there a cure for hepatitis B?Most adults will recover from an acute infection on their own without the need for medication. For adults, children and infants who develop a chronic hepatitis B infection, there is currently no cure. But the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. What options are there to treat my hepatitis B?For an acute infection, there is generally no treatment other than rest and supportive measures to manage any symptoms. For chronic hepatitis B, there are several treatments available. It is important to understand that not everyone with chronic hepatitis B needs treatment. Your doctor will help you decide if you need medication or if you can wait and monitor your condition. There are several antiviral medications that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus from replicating, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These antivirals are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three “first-line” antivirals are recommended: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. For people who do not respond to, or have access to, the first-line antiviral treatments, other options are available: telbuvidine (Tyzeka, Sebivo), adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera), and lamivudine (Epivir-HBV, Zeffix, Heptodin). Although the FDA has approved these antivirals for chronic hepatitis B, they do not provide a complete cure. They can, however, greatly decrease the risk of developing liver damage and liver cancer. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic hepatitis B. There are also immunomodulator drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). You and your doctor will need to discuss the treatment options before deciding which one, if any, is best for you. For many people, these medications will decrease or stop the hepatitis B virus. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. For a complete list of FDA approved drugs and other promising drugs in development for hepatitis B, visit our Drug Watch.

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