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• Progress on the Cure: Update From Timothy Block

  A primary goal of the Hepatitis B Foundation has always been to find a cure for the disease. When we ask Dr. Timothy Block, The Hepatitis B Foundation’s president and co-founder, about progress towards a cure by the many scientists worldwide working on that challenge, he considers many different angles. The clinical definition of a cure Dr. Block favors is for someone who has hepatitis B to regain the liver health and low liver cancer risk enjoyed by someone without hepatitis B. That goal is considered too ambitious by most clinicians. A more realistic goal is sustained, drug-free, virological response for people living with hepatitis B. This means that a person for whom treatment has stopped has the same low (undetectable) viral load as when they were actively being treated on drug therapy. This already happens in a small percentage of patients and is associated with an improved clinical outcome: much less likelihood of developing serious liver disease, including liver cancer. There is a new wave of drugs being evaluated now that Dr. Block believes may provide a sustained virological response, possibly when used in combinations with the current “standard of care”. Promising examples are what’s known as capsid inhibitors, siRNAs, NAPs/STOPs and entry inhibitors.  There are even modifications of the polymerase inhibitors that have potential. As you can see in our Drug Watch page, at least 40 new treatments are now in clinical trial. The reason it has been so difficult to find a cure for hepatitis B, Dr. Block explained, is that the virus has been around for hundreds of thousands of years and has established a mechanism to coexist with its host in a way that avoids a person’s immune system. It burrows its DNA into the nucleus of cells and is incredibly difficult to attack in ways that don’t harm the patient. Another reason progress toward a cure has been slow, Dr. Block says, is that people with hepatitis B are simply too polite. Without a grassroots

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/progress-cure-update-timothy-block/
• National Public Health Week 2019: Let's Create a Healthier World by Ending Hepatitis B

  … navigate the healthcare system to facing workplace discrimination, hepatitis B patients all over the world can face stress and mental distress. Cultural myths and stigma can negatively impact how infected individuals and their families interact with their communities and even each other. Addressing these issues is a major part of eliminating the infection once and for all. So, for science, for action, and for health, we must all work together to advocate for patients, protect our communities, and end hepatitis worldwide! To hear real patients describe their struggles with hepatitis B, you can view our #justB story campaign.   Want to help raise hepatitis B awareness during National Public Health Week? Join us on social media by using the hashtags #NPHW or #NationalPublicHealthWeek on Twitter and follow along as we participate in the American Public Health Association’s twitter chat on Wednesday, April 3rd at 2 pm!

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/national-public-health-week-2019-lets-create-healthier-world-ending-hepatitis-b/
• Hepatitis B Vaccine Schedule: Standard, Accelerated, and Combination

  … 28 days after the first shot. Accelerated Vaccine Schedule At the moment, Heplisav-B is the only vaccine that is approved on a shortened schedule. Some doctors may offer an accelerated vaccine schedule for special circumstances. However, the accelerated schedule is generally not recommended for individuals who do not need the vaccine within a certain time period. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention only recommends the accelerated vaccine schedule to those who are traveling on short notice and have a high risk of facing exposure, or to emergency responders in disaster areas. Multiple studies have shown that the minimum time between doses is necessary in order to receive full protection against the infection. If doses are given too close together, the body does not have enough time to create an immune response to the vaccine’ leaving you vulnerable to transmission. If you must complete an accelerated schedule, four doses of the vaccine are required in order to achieve full, long-term immunity. 4 Dose Schedule: 1st Shot - At any given time 2nd Shot - 7 days after the first shot 3rd Shot - Between 21 and 30 days after the 1st shot   4th Shot -  1 year after the first shot     Combined Vaccines In some cases, the hepatitis B vaccine is administered along with other vaccines or as part of a combination vaccine. Examples of combination vaccines that offer protection against HBV include: 1) The pentavalent vaccine which is used for children and protects against a total of five infectious diseases and 2) the combination hepatitis A and B vaccine. While the pentavalent vaccine is offered as the first dose for children in many countries, it is not ideal unless the child is able to get the birth dose of the HBV vaccine. It can only be given once the child is six weeks old, leaving the infant unprotected during the gap. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that children receive a monovalent hepatitis B dose of the vaccine at birth. For

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/hepatitis-b-vaccine-schedule-standard-accelerated-combination/
• Patient Perspective: Living with Chronic Hepatitis B & Fighting it On All Fronts

  … suffer from high blood pressure, bad eyesight, or diabetes and they also have to regularly take care of themselves. The problem is that hepatitis B is an infectious disease, a fact that contributes towards stigma surrounding its diagnosis. Suffering from flu makes me feel like a hazard to others. Having an infection that I cannot get rid-off certainly makes me feel bad and, in a way, dirty. I have to be cautious and aware that my blood is hazardous for others and I have to be constantly aware of all the possibilities I can be harmful and ways to prevent it. It’s a progressive disease which can be treated at a certain point, so when you go to follow-up appointments, you feel like a ticking bomb is inside you and you need to be able to identify the period when the bomb goes off so you can treat the damage. Because current hepatitis B medications are most effective when there are signs of liver damage, the treatment is often only given during this phase. The inherent uncertainty makes you hate hepatitis B. Fighting Discrimination and Stigma Living in a conservative society, if you are one of the few fortunate ones aware of your diagnosis, how do you deal with it? I kept it to myself because I did not want people to define me through my illness. I did not tell my parents or friends because I did not want them to see me as ill or worse, to pity me. I needed time to process it without having to deal with other’s opinions and judgments. Three years ago, I was diagnosed with hepatitis B during regular pre-employment screening. I did not even know anything about this disease. I had a biopsy to determine the stage of the disease. Then I went to a few follow-ups. Unfortunately, after a while, I stopped because I did not want to think about this illness. I wanted to forget about it so I tucked it away, in the farthest corner of my mind. I did not know many people with whom I felt safe talking about this. Until one day, I was at a fundraising event for a charity cancer

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/patient-perspective-living-chronic-hepatitis-b-fighting-fronts/
• Tackling Hepatitis B in Africa: The First Nigerian Hepatitis Summit

  … Nigerians through disease awareness and, as more people become aware of the disease, help them discover their status and encourage them to seek treatment as appropriate; 2. Increase local and domestic health financing, increase domestic, local responses, and allocate needed funds towards the elimination of the disease as more state governments establish state actions plans; 3. Increase engagement and involvement of the private sector in accelerating the elimination goal of viral hepatitis in Nigeria and; 4. Increase the capacity of health care professionals and improve health care systems to deliver quality viral hepatitis cascade of care in line with WHO and national guidelines. The summit was held on December 3-4 in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. Over 200 participants from diverse sectors attended including the: * WHO’s Nigerian office * State Directors of Public Health across Ministries of Health * State HIV/AIDS Program Managers-Hepatitis is domiciled in the State HIV/AIDS programs at both national and state levels. * Civil society and NGOs from 26 states in Nigeria * Academia including the Society of Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist in Nigeria (SOGHIN) * Private sector representatives * Professional Medical associations The Society of Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist (SOGHIN) led the technical faculty. SOGHIN made up 70% of the speakers. Other Speakers included: World Health Organization (WHO); World Hepatitis Alliance (WHA); Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI); National Primary Health Care Development Agency; Harm Reduction Association of Nigeria; and Representatives of States Ministries of Health. Outcomes from the Summit * Increased advocacy at state ministries of health to ensure state governments prioritize hepatitis cascade of care * The engagement of private institutions to invest in the hepatitis cascade of care * Efforts to enhance collaboration towards improving hepatitis cascade of care between civil society organizations and state

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/tackling-hepatitis-b-africa-first-nigerian-hepatitis-summit/

• የሄፓታተስ ቢ የደም ምርመራ ለሄፓታይተስ ቢ የደም ምርመራ አለ? በዶክተር አሊያም በጤና ክሊኒኮች የሚታዘዝ ቀላል የሆነ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ የደም ምርመራ “የሄፓታይተስ ቢ የደም ፓነል” የሚባል አለ፡፡ የደሙ ናሙና ወደ ዶክተሩ ቢሮ እንዲሄድ ይደረጋል፡፡  ይህንን የደም ፓናል ለማድረግ የሚረዱ 3 የተለመዱ ምርመራዎች አሉ፡፡ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ያለበትን ደረጃ ለማወቅ በመጡ ጊዜ፣ ዶክተርዎ ድጋሚ ከስድስት ወራት በኋላ መጥተው ደምዎን እንዲመረመሩ ሊነግርዎት ይችላል፡፡ እርስዎ አሁን ላይ በሄፓታይተስ ቢ እንደተያዙ ካሰቡ፣ ቫይረሱ በደምዎ ውስጥ ለመታየት 9 ሳምንታት ያስፈልጉታል፡፡ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ የደም ምርመራ ውጤትዎን መረዳት ግራ የሚያጋባ ሊሆን ይችላል፤ ስለሆነም ስለምርመራ ውጤቱ አርግጠኛ መሆን ያስፈልጋል፦እርስዎ በሄፓታይተስ ቢ ተይዘዋል፣ ከሄፓታይተስ በሽታ ድነዋል ወይስ ስር በሰደደ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ በሽታ ተጠቅተዋል፡፡  ከዚህም በተጨማሪ የደም ምርመራዎን ውጤት በፅሁፍ መጠየቅ የትኛው ፖዘቲቭ እና የትኛው ደግሞ ኔጋቲቭ እንደሆነ ሙሉ በሙሉ ለመረዳት ያግዛል፡፡ የትኞቹ ሶስት ምርመራዎች ናቸው "የሄፓታይተስ ቢ የደም ፓነል" የሚባሉት? የሄፓታይተስ ቢ የደም ፓነል የሚያስፈልገው አንድ የደም ናሙና ሲሆን የመጨረሻውን ምርመራ ለማድረግ ግን ሶስት ምርመራዎች ያስፈልጋሉ፦ HBsAg  (ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ሰርፌስ አንቲጅን) HBsAb ወይም anti-HBs (ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ሰርፌስ አንቲቦዲ) HBcAb ወይም anti-HBc (ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ኮር አንቲቦዲ) የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ሰርፌስ አንቲጅን (HBsAg) ምንድን ነው?  "ፖዘቲቭ" ወይም “ሪአክቲቭ” የHBsAg ሙከራ ውጤት ማለት ሰውየው ወይ "በመጀመሪ ደረጃ" አሊያም "ስር በሰደደ" የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስ ተይዟል ማለት ነው፡፡ የተያዙ ሰዎች ቫይረሱን ወደ ሌሎች በደም አማካይነት ያስተላልፋሉ፡፡ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ሰርፌስ አንቲቦዲ (HBsAb ወይም anti-HBs) ምንድን ነው? "ፖዘቲቭ" ወይም “ሪአክቲቭ” የ HBsAb (ወይም anti-HBs) ሙከራ ውጤት የሚያሳየው ግለሰቡ በሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባት ተሸሎታል አሊያም ወይም ደግሞ በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ላይ ካለ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ድኗል ማለት ነው፡፡  ይህ ውጤት (በኔጋቲቭ HbsAg ውጤት) ሆነ ማለት ወደፊት የሚመጣን የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ን ሰውነትህ የመከላከል አቅም አለው ማለት ነው፡፡  ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ኮር አንቲቦዲ (HBcAb) ምንድን ነው? HbcAbየሚባለው አንቲቦዲ ሲሆን የቫይረሱ አካል በመሆን ለሰውነታችን ከለላ የሚሰጥ ነው፡፡ "ፖዘቲቭ" ወይም “ሪአክቲቭ” የ HBcAb (ወይም anti-HBc) ሙከራ ውጤት የሚያሳየው ከዚህ በፊት እና አሁን ላይ ስላለው መያዝ ነው፡፡ የዚህ ውጤት ማብራሪያ የሚመሰረተው በሌሎቹ ሁለት ውጤቶች ላይ ነው፡፡ በፕሮቴክቲቭ ሰርቪስ አንቲቦዲ (positive HBsAb ወይም anti-HBs) ላይ ከታየ፣ ከዚህ በፊት ግለሰቡ መያዙንና መዳኑን ያሳያል፡፡ በፀና የታመመ ግለሰብ ውስጥ ደግሞ በቫይረስ (positive HBsAg) ይታያል፡፡   Hepatitis B Blood Tests Is there a blood test for hepatitis B?There is a simple hepatitis B blood test that your doctor or health clinic can order called the “hepatitis B blood panel”. This blood sample can be taken in the doctor’s office. There are 3 common tests that make up this blood panel. Sometimes the doctor may ask to check your blood again six months after your first visit to confirm your hepatitis B status. If you think you have been recently infected with hepatitis B, it can take up to 9 weeks before the virus will be detected in your blood.Understanding your hepatitis B blood test results can be confusing, so you want to be sure about your diagnosis – are you infected with hepatitis B, have you recovered from a hepatitis B infection, or do you have a chronic hepatitis B infection? In addition, it is helpful if you request a written copy of your blood tests so that you fully understand which tests are positive or negative. What three tests make up the "hepatitis B blood panel"? The hepatitis B blood panel requires only one blood sample but includes three tests that are needed to make a final diagnosis: HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) What is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)? A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus, which can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood. What is the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)?A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person has either successfully responded to the hepatitis B vaccine or has recovered from an acute hepatitis B infection. This result (along with a negative HbsAg result) means that you are immune to (protected from) a future hepatitis B infection. What is the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)?The HBcAb is an antibody that is part of the virus- it does not provide protection. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection. The interpretation of this test result depends on the results of the other two tests. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HBsAg).  

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/amharic/bloodtests/

• Xét nghiệm Máu để Chẩn đoán Viêm gan B  Có xét nghiệm máu để chẩn đoán viêm gan B không?Có một xét nghiệm máu để chẩn đoán viêm gan B đơn giản mà bác sĩ hoặc phòng mạch của bạn có thể yêu cầu gọi là “loạt xét nghiệm máu để chẩn đoán viêm gan B”. Mẫu máu này có thể được lấy tại phòng khám của bác sĩ. Có 3 xét nghiệm thường gặp tạo nên loạt xét nghiệm máu này.Đôi khi bác sĩ có thể yêu cầu xét nghiệm máu lại sáu tháng sau lần thăm khám đầu tiên để xác nhận tình trạng viêm gan B của bạn. Nếu bạn nghĩ rằng gần đây bạn đã bị nhiễm viêm gan B, có thể cần đến 9 tuần trước khi phát hiện được siêu vi khuẩn trong máu bạn. Kết quả xét nghiệm máu để chẩn đoán viêm gan B của bạn có thể khó hiểu, vì vậy bạn muốn chắc chắn về chẩn đoán của mình – bạn có bị nhiễm viêm gan B không, bạn đã bình phục sau khi bị nhiễm viêm gan B chưa, hay bạn có bị nhiễm viêm gan B mạn tính không? Ngoài ra, rất hữu ích nếu bạn yêu cầu một bản sao bằng văn bản các xét nghiệm máu của bạn để bạn hiểu rõ xét nghiệm nào là dương tính hay âm tính. Ba xét nghiệm nào tạo thành "loạt xét nghiệm máu để chẩn đoán viêm gan B"? Loạt xét nghiệm máu để chẩn đoán viêm gan B chỉ cần một mẫu máu nhưng bao gồm ba xét nghiệm cần thiết để đưa ra chẩn đoán cuối cùng: HBsAg (kháng nguyên bề mặt viêm gan B) HBsAb hoặc anti-HBs (kháng thể bề mặt viêm gan B) HBcAb hoặc anti-HBc (kháng thể lõi viêm gan B) Kháng nguyên bề mặt viêm gan B (HBsAg) là gì? Kết quả xét nghiệm HBsAg "dương tính" hoặc “có phản ứng” nghĩa là người đó bị nhiễm siêu vi khuẩn viêm gan B, có thể là bệnh "cấp tính" hoặc "mạn tính". Những người bị nhiễm bệnh có thể lây siêu vi khuẩn sang người khác qua máu của họ. Kháng thể bề mặt viêm gan B (HBsAb hoặc anti-HBs) là gì?Kết quả xét nghiệm HBsAb (hoặc anti-HBs) "dương tính" hoặc “có phản ứng” cho thấy một người hoặc đã đáp ứng thành công với vắc-xin viêm gan B hoặc đã bình phục sau khi nhiễm viêm gan B cấp tính. Kết quả này (cùng với kết quả HbsAg âm tính) có nghĩa là bạn được miễn dịch với (bảo vệ khỏi) bệnh viêm gan B trong tương lai. Kháng thể lõi viêm gan B (HBcAb) là gì?HBcAb là một kháng thể vốn là một phần của siêu vi khuẩn - nó không có tác dụng bảo vệ. Kết quả xét nghiệm HBcAb (hoặc anti-HBc) "dương tính" hoặc "có phản ứng" cho thấy tình trạng nhiễm bệnh trong quá khứ hoặc hiện tại. Giải thích kết quả xét nghiệm này phụ thuộc vào kết quả của hai xét nghiệm còn lại. Sự xuất hiện của nó cùng với kháng thể bề mặt bảo vệ (HBsAb hoặc anti-HBs dương tính) cho thấy tình trạng nhiễm bệnh trước đó và đã bình phục. Với người nhiễm bệnh mạn tính, nó thường xuất hiện với siêu vi khuẩn (HbsAg dương tính).   Hepatitis B Blood Tests Is there a blood test for hepatitis B?There is a simple hepatitis B blood test that your doctor or health clinic can order called the “hepatitis B blood panel”. This blood sample can be taken in the doctor’s office. There are 3 common tests that make up this blood panel. Sometimes the doctor may ask to check your blood again six months after your first visit to confirm your hepatitis B status. If you think you have been recently infected with hepatitis B, it can take up to 9 weeks before the virus will be detected in your blood.Understanding your hepatitis B blood test results can be confusing, so you want to be sure about your diagnosis – are you infected with hepatitis B, have you recovered from a hepatitis B infection, or do you have a chronic hepatitis B infection? In addition, it is helpful if you request a written copy of your blood tests so that you fully understand which tests are positive or negative. What three tests make up the "hepatitis B blood panel"? The hepatitis B blood panel requires only one blood sample but includes three tests that are needed to make a final diagnosis: HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) What is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)? A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus, which can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood. What is the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)?A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person has either successfully responded to the hepatitis B vaccine or has recovered from an acute hepatitis B infection. This result (along with a negative HbsAg result) means that you are immune to (protected from) a future hepatitis B infection. What is the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)?The HBcAb is an antibody that is part of the virus- it does not provide protection. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection. The interpretation of this test result depends on the results of the other two tests. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HBsAg).  

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/vietnamese/dr-trinh/

• Hepatit B Kan Testleri Hepatit B için bir kan testi var mıdır?Doktorunuz veya sağlık kliniğinizin isteyebileceği, "hepatit B kan paneli" adında basit bir hepatit B kan testi vardır. Bu kan örneği doktorunuzun ofisinde alınabilir. Bu kan paneli sık kullanılan 3 testten oluşur. Doktorunuz bazen ilk ziyaretinizden sonra hepatit B durumunuzu doğrulamak için altı ay sonra tekrar kanınızı test etmek isteyebilir. Hepatit B ile yakın zamanda enfekte olduğunuzu düşünüyorsanız virüsün kanınızda saptanması 9 haftaya kadar sürebilir. Hepatit B kan testi sonuçlarınızı anlamak kafa karıştırıcı olabilir ve bu nedenle tanınızdan emin olmak gerekir – hepatit B enfeksiyonunuz mu var, hepatit B enfeksiyonundan iyileştiniz mi yoksa kronik hepatit B enfeksiyonunuz mu var? Ayrıca hangi testlerin pozitif veya negatif olduğunu tam olarak anlamak için kan testlerinizin yazılı bir kopyasını istemeniz faydalıdır. "Hepatit B kan panelini" oluşturan üç test nedir? Hepatit B kan paneli için sadece tek kan örneği gerekir ama son tanıyı koymak için gerekli üç testi içerir:• HBsAg (hepatit B yüzey antijeni) • HBsAb veya anti-HBs (hepatit B yüzey antikoru) • HBcAb veya anti-HBc (hepatit B çekirdek antikoru) Hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg) nedir? "Pozitif" veya "reaktif" bir HBsAg test sonucu kişinin hepatit B virüsü ile enfekte olduğunu gösterir ve bu "akut" veya "kronik" bir enfeksiyon olabilir. Enfekte kişiler virüsü kanları yoluyla başkalarına geçirebilir. Hepatit B yüzey antikoru (HBsAb veya anti-HBs) nedir?"Pozitif" veya "reaktif" HBsAb (veya anti-HBs) test sonucu kişinin hepatit B aşısına başarıyla tepki gösterdiğine veya akut bir hepatit B enfeksiyonundan iyileştiğine işaret eder. Bu sonuç (negatif bir HBsAg sonucuyla birlikte) gelecekteki bir hepatit B enfeksiyonuna karşı bağışık (korunmuş) olduğunuzu gösterir. Hepatit B çekirdek antikoru (HBcAb) nedir?HBcAb, virüsün bir parçası olan bir antikordur - koruma sağlamaz. "Pozitif" veya "reaktif" HBcAb (veya anti-HBc) test sonucu geçmişte veya mevcut bir enfeksiyona işaret eder. Bu test sonucunun yorumlanması diğer iki testin sonuçlarına bağlıdır. Koruyucu yüzey antikoruyla (pozitif HBsAb veya anti-HBs) birlikte bulunması önceki enfeksiyon veya iyileşmeye işaret eder. Kronik enfeksiyonlu kişilerde genellikle virüsle birlikte bulunur (pozitif HBsAg). Hepatitis B Blood Tests Is there a blood test for hepatitis B?There is a simple hepatitis B blood test that your doctor or health clinic can order called the “hepatitis B blood panel”. This blood sample can be taken in the doctor’s office. There are 3 common tests that make up this blood panel. Sometimes the doctor may ask to check your blood again six months after your first visit to confirm your hepatitis B status. If you think you have been recently infected with hepatitis B, it can take up to 9 weeks before the virus will be detected in your blood.Understanding your hepatitis B blood test results can be confusing, so you want to be sure about your diagnosis – are you infected with hepatitis B, have you recovered from a hepatitis B infection, or do you have a chronic hepatitis B infection? In addition, it is helpful if you request a written copy of your blood tests so that you fully understand which tests are positive or negative. What three tests make up the "hepatitis B blood panel"? The hepatitis B blood panel requires only one blood sample but includes three tests that are needed to make a final diagnosis:• HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) • HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) • HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) What is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)? A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus, which can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood. What is the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)? A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person has either successfully responded to the hepatitis B vaccine or has recovered from an acute hepatitis B infection. This result (along with a negative HbsAg result) means that you are immune to (protected from) a future hepatitis B infection. What is the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)?The HBcAb is an antibody that is part of the virus- it does not provide protection. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection. The interpretation of this test result depends on the results of the other two tests. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HBsAg).

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/turkish/hepatitis-b-blood-tests/

• Гепатит Б-ийн цусны шинжилгээ  Гепатит Б-г оношлох цусны шинжилгээ байдаг уу?"Гепатит Б-н цусны шинжилгээ" хэмээх энгийн цусны шинжилгээг таны эмч эсвэл харьяа дүүргийн эмнэлэгт авч болно. Эмчийн өрөөнд цусны дээжийг авч болдог. Энэхүү цусны шинжилгээ нь 3 ерөнхий хэсгээс бүрдэнэ.Зарим тохиолдолд та анх гепатит Б вирустай нь оношлогдсоноос хойш зургаан сарын дараа дахин цусны шинжилгээ өгөхийг эмч зөвлөдөг.Хэрвээ та ойрын хугацаанд гепатит Б-н халдвар авсан байх магадлалтай гэж үзэж байвал 9-н долоо хоногийн дараа шинжилгээ өгөх нь зүйтэй. Учир нь дээрх хугацааны дараа уг вирусыг таны цуснаас илрүүлэх боломжтой болох юм. Та шинээр халдвар авсан, архаг халдвартай, эсвэл халдвар аваад эдгэсэн эсэхээ мэдэхгүй, таны гепатит Б-н шинжилгээний хариу эргэлзээтэй байна уу?  Та цусны шинжилгээнийхээ хариуг цаасаар авбал аль шинжилгээ нь эерэг бөгөөд сөрөг гарсныг ойлгоход хялбар болно. Гепатит Б-ийн цусны шинжилгээний гурван гол тест нь аль вэ? Гепатит Б-ийн цусны шинжилгээ нь зөвхөн нэг л удаа цус авахыг шаарддаг боловч гурван шинжилгээгээр эцсийн оношийг тодорхойлдог. HBsAg (гепатит Б-ийн гадаргуугийн антиген)  HBsAb эсвэл anti-BHs (гепатит Б-ийн гадаргуугийн антибоди)  HBcAb эсвэл anti-HBc (гепатит Б-ийн суурь антибоди) Гепатит Б-ийн гадаргуугийн антиген (HBsAg) гэж юу вэ? HBsAg тест эерэг байвал тухайн хүн гепатит Б вирустай бөгөөд хурц эсвэл архаг халдвар байх магадлалтайг илтгэнэ. Халдвар авсан хүмүүс цусаар дамжуулан вирусыг тарааж байдаг. Гепатит Б-ийн гадаргуугийн антибоди (HBsAb эсвэл anti-HBs) гэж юу вэ?HBsAb (эсвэл anti-HBs) тестийн эерэг үр дүн нь тухайн хүн гепатит Б-ийн вакцинд амжилттай хариу үйлдэл үзүүлж хурц гепатит Б-ийн халдвараас эдгэснийг илтгэнэ. Энэхүү үр дүн нь (мөн HBsAg сөрөг гарсан бол) та гепатит Б-ийн халдварын эсрэг дархлаатай (хамгаалагдсан) болсныг илтгэнэ. Гепатит Б-ийн суурь антибоди (HBcAb) гэж юу вэ?Энэхүү HBcAb антибоди нь гепатит Б-ийн эсрэг ямар нэгэн хамгаалалт үүсгэдэггүй.Эерэг үзүүлэлт нь та халдвар авч байсан эсвэл авсан байх магадлалтайг илтгэнэ. Энэхүү шинжилгээний дүнг ойлгож уншихад бусад хоёр шинжилгээний үр дүн мөн нөлөөлнө. Гадаргуугийн антибоди бүрхүүл (эерэг HBsAb эсвэл anti-HBs) нь өмнө халдвар авч байсан эсэх болон эдгэрэлтийг харуулна.Архаг халдвартай хүн вирустай (HBsAG эерэг) гэсэн хариу ихэвчлэн гардаг. Hepatitis B Blood Tests Is there a blood test for hepatitis B? There is a simple hepatitis B blood test that your doctor or health clinic can order called the “hepatitis B blood panel”. This blood sample can be taken in the doctor’s office. There are 3 common tests that make up this blood panel. Sometimes the doctor may ask to check your blood again six months after your first visit to confirm your hepatitis B status. If you think you have been recently infected with hepatitis B, it can take up to 9 weeks before the virus will be detected in your blood.Understanding your hepatitis B blood test results can be confusing, so you want to be sure about your diagnosis – are you infected with hepatitis B, have you recovered from a hepatitis B infection, or do you have a chronic hepatitis B infection? In addition, it is helpful if you request a written copy of your blood tests so that you fully understand which tests are positive or negative. What three tests make up the "hepatitis B blood panel"? The hepatitis B blood panel requires only one blood sample but includes three tests that are needed to make a final diagnosis: HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen)  HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody)  HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) What is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)? A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus, which can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood. What is the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)?A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person has either successfully responded to the hepatitis B vaccine or has recovered from an acute hepatitis B infection. This result (along with a negative HbsAg result) means that you are immune to (protected from) a future hepatitis B infection. What is the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)?The HBcAb is an antibody that is part of the virus- it does not provide protection. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection. The interpretation of this test result depends on the results of the other two tests. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HBsAg).  

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/mongolian/understanding-hepatitis-b-blood-tests/

• ການດໍາລົງຊີວິດດ້ວຍໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້  ຂ້ອຍຈະເຊົາຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຫຼືບໍ?ຄົນໄວໜຸ່ມທີ່ມີສຸຂະພາບແຂງແຮງ ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໃໝ່ໆຈະສາມາດເຊົາໄດ້ໂດຍບໍ່ມີບັນຫາໃດໆ. ແຕ່ວ່າເດັກນ້ອຍເກີດໃໝ່ ແລະ ເດັກອ່ອນ ອາດຈະບໍ່ສາມາດເຊົາຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ໄດ້ຢ່າງສົມບູນ. ຄົນໄວໜຸ່ມ – 90% ຂອງໄວໜຸ່ມທີ່ມີສຸຂະພາບແຂງແຮງ ຈະເຊົາຈາກການເປັນໄວຣັສ໌ ແລະ ໄດ້ຮັບການຟື້ນຟູສຸຂະພາບໂດຍບໍ່ມີບັນຫາໃດໆ; 10% ຈະພັດທະນາເປັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ.  ເດັກທີ່ຍັງນ້ອຍ – ຈົນຮອດ 50% ຂອງເດັກທີ່ຍັງນ້ອຍ ທີ່ມີອາຍຸລະຫວ່າງ 1 ຫາ 5 ປີ ຜູ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຈະພັດທະນາເປັນການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ເດັກອ່ອນ – 90% ຈະກາຍເປັນແບບຊໍາເຮື້ອ; ມີພຽງແຕ່ 10% ເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ຈະສາມາດເຊົາຈາກໄວຣັສ໌. ການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ "ແບບກະທັນຫັນ" ແລະ "ແບບຊໍາເຮື້ອ" ມີຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງກັນແນວໃດ?ການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຖືກພິຈາລະນາວ່າເປັນ “ແບບກະທັນຫັນ” ພາຍໃນໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ຫຼັງຈາກຖືກໄວຣັສ໌. ນີ້ແມ່ນໄລຍະເວລາສະເລ່ຍທີ່ຈະໃຊ້ໃນການຟື້ນຕົວຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ຖ້າທ່ານຍັງກວດພົບວ່າມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ເປັນບວກ (HBsAg+) ຫຼັງຈາກ 6 ເດືອນ, ທ່ານຈະຖືກພິຈາລະນາວ່າມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ "ຊໍາເຮື້ອ", ຊຶ່ງສາມາດມີຢູ່ໃນຮ່າງກາຍຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດ. ຂ້ອຍຈະເປັນໄຂ້ບໍ່ຖ້າຂ້ອຍໄດ້ຮັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນ?ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແມ່ນ "ການຕິດເຊື້ອທີ່ເປັນໄພງຽບ” ຍ້ອນວ່າສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ມັນບໍ່ສະແດງອາການ. ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຮູ້ສຶກວ່າຕົນເອງແຂງແຮງ ແລະ ບໍ່ຮູ້ວ່າພວກເຂົາຕິດເຊື້ອ, ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ພວກເຂົາສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໄປໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນແບບບໍ່ຮູ້ໂຕ. ບາງຄົນອາດຈະມີອາການເລັກນ້ອຍ ເຊັ່ນ: ເປັນໄຂ້, ເມື່ອຍ, ປວດຕາມຂໍ້ ຫຼື ກ້າມເນື້ອ, ຫຼື ບໍ່ຢາກເຂົ້າ ຊຶ່ງເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າເປັນໄຂ້ຫວັດທໍາມະດາ. ເກີດຂຶ້ນໄດ້ສ່ວນໜ້ອຍ ແຕ່ວ່າເປັນອາການທີ່ຮຸນແຮງກວ່າ ເຊັ່ນ: ວິນຫົວແຮງ ແລະ ຮາກ, ຕາ ແລະ ຜີວໜັງເຫຼືອງ (ເອີ້ນວ່າ “ຂີ້ໝາກເຫຼືອງ”), ແລະ ທ້ອງໄຂ່ - ອາການເຫຼົ່ານີ້ ຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວທັນທີ ແລະ ບຸກຄົນດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ອາດຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ພັກຟື້ນຢູ່ໃນໂຮງໝໍ. ຂ້ອຍຈະຮູ້ໄດ້ແນວໃດວ່າຂ້ອຍເຊົາຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ "ແບບກະທັນຫັນ "?ເມື່ອໝໍຂອງທ່ານຢັ້ງຢືນດ້ວຍຜົນຂອງການກວດເລືອດວ່າ ຮ່າງກາຍຂອງທ່ານບໍ່ມີໄວຣັສອີກຕໍ່ໄປ ແລະ ຮ່າງກາຍຂອງທ່ານໄດ້ສ້າງສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງທ່ານ (HBsAb+), ທ່ານຈະໄດ້ຮັບການປົກປ້ອງຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນອະນາຄົດ ແລະ ຈະບໍ່ສາມາດແຜ່ເຊື້ອໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນໄດ້ອີກ. ຂ້ອຍຄວນຈະເຮັດແນວໃດຖ້າຂ້ອຍຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ?ຖ້າທ່ານກວດພົບເຫັນໄວຣັສຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທີ່ເປັນບວກ ເປັນໄວລາຫຼາຍກວ່າ 6 ເດືອນ, ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ທ່ານມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ທ່ານຄວນຈະນັດໝໍຊ່ຽວຊານທາງດ້ານການປິ່ນປົວຕັບ (ຊ່ຽວຊານກ່ຽວກັບຕັບ), ຊ່ຽວຊານຜົ້ງທ້ອງ, ຫຼື ໝໍທີ່ຊໍານານກ່ຽບກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ທ່ານໝໍຈະສັ່ງກວດເລືອດ ແລະ ເອໂກເບິ່ງຕັບ ເພື່ອປະເມີນວ່າ ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວແນວໃດໃນຮ່າງກາຍຂອງທ່ານ, ແລະ ຕິດຕາມເບິ່ງສຸຂະພາບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ໝໍຂອງທ່ານອາດຈະຕ້ອງການພົບທ່ານປີລະຄັ້ງ ຫຼື ສອງຄັ້ງ ເພື່ອຕິດຕາມເບິ່ງໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ພິຈາລະນາວ່າ ທ່ານໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວໄດ້ດີຫຼືບໍ່.ຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອແບບຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຄວນຈະໄປພົບແພດຂອງພວກເຂົາຢ່າງໜ້ອຍປີລະຄັ້ງ (ຫຼືເລື້ອຍກວ່ານັ້ນ) ເພື່ອເຂົ້າຮັບການດູແລຕິດຕາມສຸຂະພາບຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິ, ເບິ່ງວ່າພວກເຂົາເລີ່ມໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວຫຼືບໍ່. ເຖິງວ່າໄວຣັສ໌ຈະຢູ່ໃນໄລຍະທີ່ບໍ່ຄ່ອຍມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຫຼາຍ ໂດຍເຫັນວ່າມີການທໍາລາຍພຽງເລັກນ້ອຍ ຫຼື ບໍ່ມີການທໍາລາຍເລີຍ, ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ສາມາດປ່ຽນແປງໄດ້ຕາມໄລຍະເວລາ ຊຶ່ງນີ້ແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ການຕິດຕາມຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນ. ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ສາມາດມີຊີວິດໄດ້ຍືນຍາວ ແລະ ມີຕັບທີ່ແຂງແຮງ. ເມື່ອທ່ານຖືກບົ່ງມະຕິພະຍາດວ່າມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ໄວຣັສ໌ອາດຈະຢູ່ໃນເລືອດຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ຕັບຂອງທ່ານຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດ. ສິ່ງສຳຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງຮູ້ວ່າ ທ່ານສາມາດກະຈາຍໄວຣັສ໌ໃຫ້ຄົນອື່ນ, ເຖິງວ່າທ່ານບໍ່ຮູ້ສຶກວ່າເຈັບປ່ວຍກໍ່ຕາມ. ນີ້ແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ເປັນຫຍັງຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນຫຼາຍໃນການໃຫ້ຄົນໃນຄົວເຮືອນທີ່ໃກ້ຊິດທຸກຄົນ ແລະ ຄູ່ຮ່ວມເພດ ໄດ້ຮັບການສັກວັກຊີນປ້ອງກັນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ການກວດສຸຂະພາບອັນໃດທີ່ຈະຖືກໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຕິດຕາມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂອງຂ້ອຍ?ການກວດທົ່ວໄປທີ່ທ່ານໝໍໃຊ້ ໃນການຕິດຕາມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂອງທ່ານ ປະກອບດ້ວຍ ແຜນກວດເລືອດຊອກຫາພະຍາດໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້, ການກວດໜ້າທີ່ການເຮັດວຽກຂອງຕັບ (ALT, AST), ສານກະຕຸ້ນການສ້າງສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານ-ອີ ເຮປາຕິດ ບີ້ (HBeAg), ສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານໃນຮ່າງກາຍ-ອີ ເຮປາຕິດ ບີ້ (HBeAb), ການບອກຈໍານວນ DNA ໃນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ (ປະລິມານຂອງໄວຣັສ໌), ແລະ ການສຶກສາພາບຖ່າຍຂອງຕັບ (ຄື້ນສຽງ, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] ຫຼື CT ສະແກນ). ມີວິທີປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອບໍ?ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ, ຍັງບໍ່ມີການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ, ແຕ່ຂ່າວດີແມ່ນ ມີການປິ່ນປົວທີ່ສາມາດຊ່ວຍຫລຸດຜ່ອນການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຂອງພະຍາດຕັບໃນຜູ່ທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອຊໍາເຮື້ອ ໂດຍການເຮັດໃຫ້ໄວຣັສ໌ວິວັດຊ້າລົງ. ຖ້າວ່າໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ວິວັດຊ້າລົງ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍໜ້ອຍລົງ. ບາງຄັ້ງ, ຢາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ສາມາດຂ້າໄວຣັສ໌ໄດ້ ເຖິງວ່າຈະບໍ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນເລື້ອຍໆກໍ່ຕາມ. ດ້ວຍທຸກການວິໄຈໃໝ່ທີ່ໜ້າຕື່ນເຕັ້ນ, ມີຄວາມຫວັງຢ່າງຍິ່ງວ່າ ຈະສາມາດພົບວິທີປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອໃນອະນາຄົດອັນໃກ້ນີ້. ເຂົ້າ ເບິ່ງຢາ (Drug Watch) ເພື່ອຊອກລາຍຊື່ຢາຕ່າງໆທີ່ມີຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ໃນການພັດທະນາ. ມີຢາປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງບໍ?ການປິ່ນປົວໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ ຕົກຢູ່ໃນສອງປະເພດທົ່ວໄປ, ການຕຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ ແລະ ການສ້າງພູມຕ້ານທານ: ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ - ສິ່ງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຢາ ທີ່ຢຸດການວິວັດຂອງໄວຣັສ໌ ຫຼື ເຮັດໃຫ້ໄວຣັສ໌ຂະຫຍາຍໂຕຊ້າລົງ, ຊຶ່ງຈະຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການອັກເສບ ແລະ ທໍາລາຍຕັບ. ສິ່ງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຈະຕ້ອງກິນຢາມື້ລະເມັດເປັນເວລາຢ່າງໜ້ອຍ 1 ປີ, ຊຶ່ງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນຈະດົນກວ່າ. ມີຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງຈາກ FDA, ແຕ່ວ່າມີພຽງແຕ່ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ສາມໂຕຫຼັກທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາໃຫ້ໃຊ້ໃນການປິ່ນປົວ ຄື: ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ດີໂຊໂປຣຊິນ (tenofovir disoproxil) (Viread/TDF), ທີໂນໂຟເວຍ ອາລາຟີນາໄມດ໌ (tenofovir alafenamide) (Vemlidy/TAF) ແລະ ເອັນຕີຄາເວຍ໌ (Entecavir) (ບາຣາຄລູດ (Baraclude)). ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ແຖວໜ້າແມ່ນຢາທີ່ຖືກແນະນໍາ ຍ້ອນວ່າພວກມັນປອດໄພກວ່າ ແລະ ມີປະສິດທິຜົນທີ່ສຸດ. ພວກມັນຍັງມີປະຫວັດການດື້ຢາດີກວ່າຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ໂຕເກົ່າ, ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ເມື່ອພວກມັນຖືກໃຊ້ຕາມການຊີ້ນໍາຂອງແພດ, ແມ່ນຈະມີໂອກາດກາຍພັນຂອງໄວຣັສ໌ ແລະ ການດື້ຢາໄດ້ໜ້ອຍ. ການສ້າງສານຕໍ່ຕ້ານຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ມັນມີຄວາມຫຍຸ້ງຍາກວ່າໃນການປິ່ນປົວ ແລະ ຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌. ຢາອິມມູໂນໂມດູເລເຕີ - ສິ່ງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຢາທີ່ຊ່ວຍສົ່ງເສີມລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານ ຊ່ວຍໃນການຄວບຄຸມໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ພວກມັນແມ່ນຢາສັກຕະຫຼອດໄລຍະ 6 ເດືອນ ຫາ 1 ປີ. ຢາທີ່ສັ່ງຈ່າຍສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນປະກອບດ້ວຍ ອິນເຕີເຟີຣອນ ອານຟາ-2b (ອິນທຣອນເອ, Intron A) ແລະ ພີກູເລຕິດ ອິນເຟີຣອນ (pegylated interferon (ພີກາຊີສ, Pegasys). ນີ້ເປັນພຽງແຕ່ການປິ່ນປົວທີ່ແນະນໍາສໍາລັບຄົນເຈັບທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອຮ່ວມກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບ. ຢາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໃຫ້ການ “ປິ່ນປົວ” ໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອບໍ?
ເຖິງວ່າພວກມັນຈະບໍ່ໃຫ້ການປິ່ນປົວແບບສົມບູນກໍ່ຕາມ, ການປິ່ນປົວໃນປັດຈຸບັນຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ໄວຣັສ໌ຂະຫຍາຍໂຕຊ້າລົງ ແລະ ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງຂອງການເປັນພະຍາດຕັບທີ່ຮຸນແຮງຂຶ້ນກວ່າເກົ່າໃນໄລຍະຕໍ່ໄປຂອງການໃຊ້ຊີວິດ. ສິ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນເຈັບຮູ້ສຶກດີຂຶ້ນໃນພາຍສອງສາມເດືອນ ຍ້ອນວ່າການທໍາລາຍຂອງຕັບຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ແມ່ນຫຼຸດລົງ ຫຼືໃນບາງກໍລະນີແມ່ນກົງກັນຂ້າມ ເມື່ອກິນຢາໃນໄລຍະຍາວ. ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ບໍ່ແມ່ນການຢຸດ ແລະ ການເລີ່ມໃໝ່, ຊຶ່ງແມ່ນເຫດຜົນທີ່ເປັນຫຍັງການປະເມີນຜົນຢ່າງຮອບຄອບຂອງແພດທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ສະເພາະດ້ານຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນ ກ່ອນຈະເລີ່ມມີການປິ່ນປົວ HBV ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ຖ້າຂ້ອຍມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຂ້ອຍຄວນຈະໄດ້ຮັບການດູແລສຸຂະພາບບ?ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນແມ່ນຕ້ອງເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າ ບໍ່ແມ່ນທຸກຄົນທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວດ້ວຍຢາ. ທ່ານຄວນຈະໂອ້ລົມກັບທ່ານໝໍຂອງທ່ານວ່າ ທ່ານເປັນຜູ່ທີ່ຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍຢາຫຼືບໍ່. ທ່ານ ແລະ ທ່ານໝໍຂອງທ່ານຈະຕັດສິນໃຈວ່າ ທ່ານຄວນຈະໄດ້ຮັບການປິ່ນປົວຫຼືບໍ່, ທ່ານຄວນຈະເຂົ້າພົບຊ່ຽວຊານສະເພາະຕັບຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິ ຫຼື ແພດທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ກ່ຽວກັບໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້. ຈະມີຄວາມປອດໄພບໍໃນການບໍາບັດການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ດ້ວຍຢາ ສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມບໍ?ຄົນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ມີຄວາມສົນໃຈໃຊ້ຢາສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມ ເພື່ອສົ່ງເສີມລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານຂອງພວກເຂົາ ແລະ ຊ່ວຍຕັບຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ບັນຫາແມ່ນຍັງບໍ່ມີກົດລະບຽບຂອງບໍລິສັດທີ່ຜະລິດສານເຫຼົ່ານີ້, ຊຶ່ງໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ຍັງບໍ່ທັນມີການກວດຢ່າງລະອຽດຖີ່ຖ້ວນສໍາລັບຄວາມປອດໄພ ຫຼື ຄວາມບໍລິສຸດ. ສະນັ້ນ, ຄຸນນະພາບຂອງການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມວິຕາມິນ ອາດຈະມີຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັນນັ້ນ, ການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພບາງຊະນິດສາມາດມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ຢາໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທີ່ແພດສັ່ງ ຫຼື ເງື່ອນໄຂອື່ນໆ; ມີບາງຊະນິດອາດຈະທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພເຫຼົ່ານີ້ ຈະບໍ່ປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ. ມີຫຼາຍບໍລິສັດທີ່ໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ຜິດພາດຜ່ານທາງອິນເຕີເນັດ ແລະ ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານຂອງສັງຄົມກ່ຽວກັບຜະລິດຕະພັນຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ການຮ້ອງຮຽນທາງອອນລາຍ໌ ແລະ ການນຳສະເຫນີໂດຍການຮັບຮອງຂອງຄົນເຈັບຢູ່ເທິງເຟສ໌ບຸກ ເປັນສິ່ງຫຼອກລວງ ແລະ ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ເພື່ອຕັວະຍັວະຄົນໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໄປຊື້ຢາສະໝຸນໄພ ແລະ ອາຫານເສີມທີ່ມີລາຄາແພງ. ຈົ່ງຈື່ໄວ້ວ່າ, ຖ້າຮູ້ສຶກວ່າມັນເກີນຄວາມເປັນຈິງ ນັ້ນໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ມັນບໍ່ແມ່ນຄວາມຈິງ. ລຸ່ມນີ້ແມ່ນຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ໜ້າເຊື່ອຖືກ່ຽວກັບສະໝຸນໄພ ແລະ ຢາປິ່ນປົວຫຼາຍຊະນິດ. ຂໍ້ມູນນີ້ແມ່ນອີງໃສ່ປະກົດການທາງວິທະຍາສາດ, ຊຶ່ງບໍ່ແມ່ນການໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານທີ່ຜິດພາດ. ຈົ່ງກວດເບິ່ງວ່າສ່ວນປະສົມໃນຢາສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມຂອງທ່ານແມ່ນເປັນຄວາມຈິງ ແລະ ປອດໄພຕໍ່ຕັບຂອງທ່ານຫຼືບໍ່. ສິ່ງສໍາຄັນທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນຕ້ອງປົກປ້ອງຕັບຂອງທ່ານຈາກອາການເຈັບປວດ ຫຼື ອັນຕະລາຍເພີ່ມເຕີມ. ວິທີການດູແລຕັບໃຫ້ແຂງແຮງ ສໍາລັບຜູ່ທີ່ມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອມີຫຍັງແດ?ບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຊໍາເຮື້ອ ອາດຈະ ຫຼືອາດຈະບໍ່ຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍຢາ. ແຕ່ວ່າຍັງມີຫຼາຍຢ່າງທີ່ຄົນເຈັບສາມາດເຮັດໄດ້ ເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງຕັບຂອງພວກເຂົາ ແລະ ສົ່ງເສີມສຸຂະພາບຂອງພວກເຂົາ. ລຸ່ມນີ້ແມ່ນບັນດາທາງເລືອກທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ສຸຂະພາບດີ 10 ຢ່າງ ທີ່ສາມາດເລີ່ມເຮັດໄດ້ຈາກມື້ນີ້! ນັດພົບຊ່ຽວຊານຕັບ ຫຼື ຜູ່ດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານເປັນປົກກະຕິ ເພື່ອເບິ່ງແຍງສຸຂະພາບ ແລະ ສຸຂະພາບຂອງຕັບຂອງທ່ານໃຫ້ດີທີ່ສຸດ. ສັກວັກຊີນໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບ A ເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນທ່ານຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ອື່ນໆທີ່ເຂົ້າໂຈມຕີຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງດື່ມເຫຼົ້າ ແລະ ສູບຢາ ຍ້ອນວ່າທັງສອງຢ່າງນັ້ນຈະທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ຊຶ່ງວ່າມັນກໍ່ກໍາລັງໄດ້ຮັບອັນຕະລາຍຈາກໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຢູ່ແລ້ວ. ໂອ້ລົມກັບຜູ່ດູແລສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານກ່ອນຈະເລີ່ມເຂົ້າຮັບການບໍາບັດດ້ວຍສະໝຸນໄພ ຫຼື ອາຫານເສີມວິຕາມິມ ຍ້ອນວ່າຢາບາງຊະນິດອາດຈະແຊກແຊງການເຮັດວຽກຂອງຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ທີ່ແພດສັ່ງ ຫຼືອາດຈະສາມາດທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານໄດ້. ຈົ່ງສອບຖາມກັບແພດຈ່າຍຢາຂອງທ່ານກ່ຽວກັບຢາທີ່ສາມາດຊື້ໄດ້ຕາມຮ້ານຂາຍຢາ (ຕົວຢ່າງ: ອາຊີໂຕມີໂນຟິນ, ຢາແກ້ປວດ) ຫຼື ຢາແພດສັ່ງທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ກ່ອນຈະກິນ ເພື່ອໝັ້ນໃຈວ່າພວກມັນປອດໄພສໍາລັບຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ຍ້ອນວ່າຢາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ສ່ວນຫຼາຍຈະໄປຜ່ານການເຮັດວຽກຂອງຕັບຂອງທ່ານ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງດົມເອົາສານລະເຫີຍຈາກສີ, ທິນເນີທີ່ໃຊ້ປະສົມສີ, ກາວ, ຜະລິດຕະພັນເຮັດຄວາມສະອາດພາຍໃນບ້ານ, ນໍ້າຢາລ້າງເລັບ, ແລະ ສານເຄມີທີ່ເປັນພິດອື່ນໆ ຊຶ່ງສາມາດທໍາລາຍຕັບຂອງທ່ານໄດ້. ກິນອາຫານທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ມີສຸຂະພາບດີ ເຊັ່ນ ໝາກໄມ້, ທັນຍາພືດ, ປາ ແລະ ຊີ້ນທີ່ບໍ່ຕິດມັນ, ແລະ ກິນຜັກຫຼາຍໆ. “ບັນດາຜັກທີ່ເປັນດອກ” ເຊັ່ນ -- ກະລໍ່າປີ, ບຣັອກໂຄລີ, ດອກຜັກກາດຂາວ -- ບັນດາຜັກເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຊ່ວຍໃນການປົກປ້ອງຕັບຈາກສານເຄມີຢູ່ໃນສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ. ຫຼີກລ່ຽງການກິນຫອຍດິບ ຫຼື ຫອຍທີ່ປຸງບໍ່ສຸກ (ຕົວຢ່າງ: ຫອຍແຄລັມ, ຫອຍແມງພູ່, ຫອຍອອຍສ໌ເຕີ, ຫອຍກີ້) ຍ້ອນວ່າພວກມັນອາດຈະມີການປົນເປື້ອນຂອງບັກເຕີຣີທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ ວີບຣີໂອ ວູນນີຟີຄັສ (Vibrio vulnificus), ຊຶ່ງເປັນພິດຢ່າງຍິ່ງຕໍ່ຕັບ ແລະ ສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ຕັບຖືກທໍາລາຍ. ສັງເກດເບິ່ງເຊື້ອລາຢູ່ໃນຖົ່ວຕ່າງໆ, ສາລີ, ຖົ່ວດິນ, ເຂົ້າຟາງ ແລະ ທັນຍາພືດ ກ່ອນຈະໃຊ້ອາຫານເຫຼົ່ານີ້. ເຊື້ອຮາມີແນວໂນ້ມວ່າຈະເປັນບັນຫາ ຖ້າວ່າອາຫານຖືກເກັບໄວ້ຢູ່ບ່ອນທີ່ປຽກຊຸ່ມ ແລະ ອັດບໍ່ດີ. ຖ້າວ່າມີເຊື້ອລາ, ອາຫານຈະປົນເປື້ອນດ້ວຍ “ອາຟລາທັອກຊິນ,” ຊຶ່ງເປັນປັດໃຈຄວາມສ່ຽງທີ່ຮູ້ກັນດີສໍາລັບມະເຮັງຕັບ. ຫຼຸດລະດັບຄວາມຮຸນແຮງຂອງພະຍາດ ໂດຍການກິນອາຫານເພື່ອສຸຂະພາບ, ອອກກໍາລັງກາຍຢ່າງເປັນປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ພັກຜ່ອນຫຼາຍໆ. ຈົ່ງຈື່ໄວ້ວ່າ ທຸກຢ່າງທີ່ທ່ານກິນ, ດື່ມ, ຫາຍໃຈ ຫຼື ດູດຊຶມຜ່ານຜີວໜັງ ສຸດທ້າຍຈະຕ້ອງຜ່ານຕັບເພື່ອກັ່ນຕອງ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ, ຕ້ອງປ້ອງກັນຕັບຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ສຸຂະພາບຂອງທ່ານ! ຖ້າຂ້ອຍມີໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ຂ້ອຍຈະບໍລິຈາກເລືອດໄດ້ບໍ? ບໍ່ໄດ້ ທະນາຄານເລືອດຈະບໍ່ຮັບເລືອດທີ່ມີເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້, ເຖິງວ່າທ່ານໄດ້ເຊົາຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ໌ຕັບອັກເສບບີ້ ແບບກະທັນຫັນກໍຕາມ. Living with Hepatitis B Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection?Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B.  Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus. What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection?A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime. Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection?Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others. What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B?If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment. All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B?Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B?Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B?Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B?
Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication?It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection?Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tips are there for those living with chronic hepatitis B?People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver.  Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest.  Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.

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