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  • 2022 Advocacy Year in Review

    … global advocacy. Our ongoing advocacy efforts in the U. S. include calling on Optum to restore the hepatitis B treatment Vemlidy back to their health insurance formulary. Globally we continue to put pressure on Gavi to move forward with implementation of hepatitis B birth dose in member countries, urging members of Congress and President Biden to help end hepatitis B discrimination in the U.S. military, recognizing National African Immigrant and Refugee HIV and Hepatitis Awareness (NAIRHHA) Day in the U.S., advocating for universal adult hepatitis B screening, and increasing funding for hepatitis B and liver cancer.    Updated U.S. Public Health Service Corps Medical Standards   The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps announced in December that it is updating its medical standards to accept future applicants living with chronic hepatitis B and HIV. Previously, HIV and hepatitis B infection were both considered disqualifying medical conditions. The Hepatitis B Foundation became aware of this issue in late 2020, when an individual with hepatitis B applied to serve but was denied due to their hepatitis B infection. Working alongside partners, we successfully advocated for a change in this policy by meeting with senior administration official and Congressional champions, and getting language included in the FY 2022 House Labor-HHS Appropriations report urging the USPHS to allow officers with hepatitis B to serve in the Commissioned Corps.      Check out the report to learn more!   https://www.hepbunited.org/assets/Advocacy/5d40b3bcc9/2022-HBU-Year-in-Review-Final.pdf     From all of us at the Hepatitis B Foundation and Hep B United, THANK YOU for your continued support and dedication to advocating for hepatitis B awareness, prevention, treatment, and research and combatting stigma and discrimination. We are so proud of what the hepatitis B advocacy community achieved this year, and we look forward to continuing to work together to build on

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/2022-advocacy-year-review/
  • Living with hepatitis B and Diabetes

                      Happy Diabetes Awareness Month   November is American Diabetes Awareness Month! The Hepatitis B Foundation invited Dr. Tatyana Kushner, Theresa Worthington, and Marcia Mukanga Lange from Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai to explain more about the relationship between hepatitis B and Diabetes.  Diabetes and hepatitis B are linked in ways that are important for patients and healthcare professionals to be aware of in order to improve outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The great news is that through healthy lifestyle changes, patients with chronic hepatitis B and diabetes can take ownership of their health and manage their diabetes.   Hepatitis B May Increase One’s Risk for Diabetes   While still controversial, some studies indicate that patients with chronic hepatitis B, and particularly cirrhotic (liver scarring) hepatitis B, are at a greater risk for developing type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is a medical condition in which the body is unable to use glucose (blood sugar) for energy. The liver is a key metabolic organ with a host of necessary functions, one of which is blood sugar regulation. The liver helps keep glucose levels normal in the bloodstream to prevent serious health issues. It is not clearly understood how hepatitis B increases one’s risk for diabetes, but research has shown that damaged liver cells could lead to abnormalities in blood sugar regulation.  Liver damage as a result of hepatitis B can promote the development of diabetes without effective management to prevent further complications.  It is also important to know that having diabetes can put a person at risk for hepatitis B due to frequent use of glucose monitoring devices. People with diabetes must regularly monitor and track their blood sugar or glucose levels by pricking their finger using a glucose meter/monitoring machine. Failure to clean the equipment properly or sharing the glucose

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/living-hepatitis-b-diabetes/
  • Why is it important to support the Hepatitis B Foundation?

    This is a guest blog by Jean Holmes, Vice President of Institutional Advancement at the Hepatitis B Foundation and Baruch S. Blumberg Institute.   Why is it important to support the Hepatitis B Foundation?  Gosh, where should I start? First off, support this cause if you care about people living with hepatitis B. Because honestly, many people don’t. Most people don’t know much about hepatitis B, and people don’t support things they don’t know much about or care about. So, if you are one of the few that do, please consider it, because there aren’t enough of us. We NEED you.  Second, if you do care about people living with hepatitis B, the Hepatitis B Foundation should be on your giving radar. Your support would mean so much, because we have so much to do together.   If you’ve made it this far on our website, you probably already know that 300 million people in the world have hepatitis B. Every 40 seconds, someone dies of liver cancer as a result of hepatitis B. Maybe you know someone who has hepatitis B, died of liver cancer, or maybe you have hepatitis B yourself. YOU. MATTER.   This website is full of information about what the team is doing across the globe to eliminate hepatitis B. They’ve accomplished so much this past year that will help us gain more momentum in 2023 and beyond. We have to leverage those gains!  This team is a group of WARRIORS. They are so smart and so dedicated, it blows my mind.   But they need you.  Thanks again just for being here to care enough to read this post. You obviously care enough to make a difference, so let’s start there.   We can’t do this alone. It takes a lot of people to raise their voices in order to bring about change. When you give to the Hepatitis B Foundation, you’re telling the world, telling elected officials, telling the people with power, that hepatitis B has a VOICE.   Your voice.   What can you do?  Give. Even if it’s just $5, it helps. Give just once, or become a member of

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/important-support-hepatitis-b-foundation/
  • Can I Breastfeed While Living With Hepatitis B?

    … prevent women from breastfeeding their baby due to the fear of passing the disease or illness to their child, this is not the case with hepatitis B. Women living with hepatitis B can safely breastfeed their baby and are encouraged to breastfeed.   Also, to prevent mother to child transmission of hepatitis B it is important to make sure the child receives the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine called the hepatitis B birth dose within the first 24 hours of birth. An extra step towards prevention can also be taken for mothers who have hepatitis B infection, which includes giving their baby the hepatitis B birth dose and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within the first 24 hours of birth. HBIG is not always available in every country and might be difficult to get. If it is not possible to get HBIG, be sure your child gets the hepatitis B birth dose within the first 24 hours of delivery to prevent transmission. HBIG is a shot that helps to protect your baby from developing hepatitis B by teaching the body to fight off the infection. The vaccine or birth dose is safe, effective, and provides a lifetime of protection to babies, so they do not get hepatitis B in the future. The birth dose is given in 3 doses and follows the schedule below:   1st dose- given right after birth but within 24 hours  2nd dose- given in at one month of age  3rd dose- given when the baby is 6 months old  The infant hepatitis B vaccine schedule can vary depending on where you live – you can see the schedules here.  You can learn more about the hepatitis B vaccine here!   It should be noted that until a baby completes their hepatitis B vaccination series, if the nipples are chapped, cracked, or bleeding, it is best to avoid breastfeeding until the nipples are completely healed. Because hepatitis B is transmitted by blood-to-blood contact, there is a small risk of transmission to unvaccinated babies if the nipples are bleeding. During this time, it can be beneficial to seek guidance from

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/can-i-breastfeed-while-living-with-hepatitis-b/
  • Accessing Hepatitis B Treatment

    … Tuberculosis, and Malaria which offers countries like Burkina Faso and Ghana free treatment for these three diseases. We can advocate for hepatitis B to be included in this program or a viral hepatitis program like this which would help eliminate hepatitis B. Moreover, countries can use existing HIV infrastructure and incorporate hepatitis B into that space. Through cross organizational collaboration, advocacy, increasing education, and improving advocacy this can be accomplished. The Hepatitis B Foundation is dedicated to accomplishing these efforts. We published Health Insurance Costs Impacting Shoppers Living with Hepatitis B - a comprehensive report that details our findings from analyzing 2019 and 2020 silver-level health insurance plans for potential discriminatory tiering of hepatitis B treatments. The report contains a list of things to consider when choosing health insurance plans, trends that may drive up the cost of treatment, and an overview of health insurance companies that displayed discriminatory practices. You can use the information on our site to help advocate for yourself, report your experience with discrimination on the Hepatitis B Foundation's Discrimination Registry, or contact the Hepatitis B Foundation at discrimination@hepb.org.   References https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b Web Annex 1. Key data at a glance. In: Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. Accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016–2021: actions for impact. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Polaris Observatory Collaborators (2018). Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 3(6), 383–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30056-6 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00819-8 Adjei CA, Stutterheim SE, Naab F, Ruiter

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/accessing-treatment/
  • Pa DOH Highlights the Importance of Viral Hepatitis Awareness, Need for Expansion of Syringe Services

    June 7, 2022 [From the Pa DOH] Today the Pennsylvania Department of Health joined advocates and residents with lived experiences to highlight the importance of viral hepatitis awareness along with the success of syringe services programs. "Viral hepatitis is significantly reduced by having access to syringe service programs," Dr. Wendy Braund, DOH Deputy Secretary of Health Preparedness and Community Protection said during the awareness event news conference in the Capitol building. "The success of existing programs is evidence that residents across the state can help stop the spread of viral hepatitis if more syringe service programs are available." Nationwide, syringe services programs are associated with a significant reduction in injection-related Hepatitis C. "According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, individuals who participate in syringe service programs are five times more likely to enter drug treatment," Dr. Braund said, noting that DOH leaders were in Bethlehem and Pittsburgh last week to discuss syringe services with elected officials and members of the local heroin and opioid task forces who are eager to provide this service to residents in their region." To support those efforts, the Department of Health worked in partnership with the Pennsylvania Viral Hepatitis Eliminating Planning Committee and the Viral Hepatitis Interagency Workgroup to create the Pennsylvania viral hepatitis elimination plan. The plan is intended to achieve short-term and long-term goals, including: Creating and enhance prevention and education initiatives Expanding the availability of co-located viral hepatitis and harm reduction services and programs across the state Increasing testing and linkage to care and treatment Continuing surveillance of those diagnosed with Hepatitis B and C "Forty-percent of Pennsylvanians living with Hepatitis C are unaware of their infection," Dr. Stacey Trooskin, Chief Medical Officer of Philadelphia FIGHT said. "We can eliminate Hepatitis C from Pennsylvania but we must scale up testing, access to curative treatment and harm reduction services like syringe service programs as evidenced by the success we've seen in Philadelphia." The Wolf Administration worked closely with members of the General Assembly to develop Senate Bill 926 and House Bill 2264, which would allow organizations to engage in this work. Currently, there are more than 400 syringe service programs currently operating in 40 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico."There are vaccines available to prevent hepatitis A and B and medicines to treat hepatitis B and C," said Dr. Chari Cohen, Senior Vice President, of the Hepatitis B Foundation. "Bringing this awareness to all regions of the state, combined with syringe service programs is critical as we work towards eliminating viral hepatitis in Pennsylvania."Currently, there are 166 organizations signed on to support syringe service programs, including several organizations joining the event today: The Allegheny Health Network Philadelphia Fight Community Health Centers Hepatitis B Foundation Clean Slate Recovery Centers Pennsylvania Harm Reduction Network Armstrong-Indiana-Clarion Drug and Alcohol Commission, INC Pennsylvania Association of County Drug and Alcohol Administrators Gaudenzia Pennsylvania Medical Society "Without syringe service programs, there is a good chance that I would not be standing here speaking with you today," said Kate Favata, Community Relations Liaison for Clean Slate Recovery Centers. "I am proof that not only do these programs work, but they help people lead impactful and full lives. "Some people who need these programs are currently not able to access them, and that needs to change."  Dr. Chari A. Cohen, the Foundation's senior vice president, speaking at the June 7 event in the Capitol Building. Dr. Wendy Braund, deputy secretary of health preparedness and community protection, Penna. DOH, started off the event. To view a recording of the event and read more, please click here.

    https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/news-2/pa-doh-highlights-the-importance-of-viral-hepatitis-awareness-need-for-expansion-of-syringe-services/
  • Hepatitis B Foundation and Hep B United Statement on the Federal Government's Rollback of Critical Health Care Protections

     Doylestown, Pa., June 16, 2020 – The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) finalized a rule on June 12 that rolls back critical nondiscrimination protections provided under Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Section 1557, also referred to as the Health Care Rights Law, was enacted as part of the ACA in 2010 to protect patients from health care discrimination based on race, color, national origin, disability, age and sex. The Trump administration’s final rule makes significant changes to weaken Section 1557 by removing protections against discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. The rule also removes requirements for health plans and other federally funded entities to notify Limited English Proficient (LEP) individuals of their right to language access services, such as health care interpreters and translated materials containing critical health care information.  ”All people should be able to access the health care they need without fear of being turned away, shamed or treated unfairly,” said Kate Moraras, deputy director of public health at the Hepatitis B Foundation and director of Hep B United. “We denounce the Trump administration’s decision to roll back important civil rights protections provided under Section 1557, and we are gravely concerned about the detrimental impacts this rule will have on marginalized communities. It intentionally limits access to health care for LGBTQ people and people with limited English skills, jeopardizing the lives of people already vulnerable to discrimination and seriously endangering individuals with chronic conditions such as hepatitis B.” Without access to appropriate monitoring, care and treatment when necessary, Moraras said, approximately one in four people with chronic hepatitis B will die prematurely of liver cancer, liver failure, or cirrhosis. LGBTQ and LEP communities are among those at highest risk of hepatitis B infection. For example:  Nationally, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at heightened risk for hepatitis B and C; nearly 20% of new hepatitis B cases are among MSM.  Asian American, Pacific Islander and African communities are disproportionately affected, with these communities comprising up to 80% of all chronic hepatitis B infections across the country.  Among those chronically infected with hepatitis B, an estimated 70% are non-U.S.-born and face unique barriers in accessing health care services, including language access barriers.  The Hepatitis B Foundation and Hep B United stand firmly against the Trump administration’s final rule on Section 1557. Allowing providers, insurance companies, hospitals and other health care entities to discriminate against patients – for example, to refuse to test or provide treatment to a patient based on a provider or staff member’s personal beliefs – is unacceptable. This rule will only further exacerbate hepatitis B-related health disparities and reverse progress that has been made to eliminate the disease.  For more information regarding our concerns about this rule and how it could impact people living with or at risk of hepatitis, read our comment letter.  About the Hepatitis B Foundation: The nation’s leading nonprofit organization solely dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the quality of life for those affected worldwide through research, education and patient advocacy, the Hepatitis B Foundation is based in Doylestown, Pa. To learn more, go to www.hepb.org, read our blog at hepb.org/blog, follow us on Twitter @HepBFoundation, find us on Facebook at facebook.com/hepbfoundation or call 215-489-4900. To donate, contact Jean Holmes at 215-489-4900 or jean.holmes@hepb.org. About Hep B United: Hep B United is a national coalition co-chaired by the Hepatitis B Foundation and the Association of Asian Pacific Community Health Organizations dedicated to reducing the health disparities associated with hepatitis B by increasing awareness, screening, vaccination, and linkage to care for high-risk communities across the United States. To learn more, visit www.hepbunited.org. 

    https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/news-2/hepatitis-b-foundation-and-hep-b-united-statement-on-the-trump-administrations-rollback-of-critical-health-care-protections/
  • Hepatitis B Foundation Commends New Rx Outreach Program to Provide Access to Affordable Hepatitis B Medication

    DOYLESTOWN, PA (June 25, 2019): The Hepatitis B Foundation commends Rx Outreach, a nonprofit online pharmacy, for expanding their service to provide medications to help more than 2 million Americans who are chronically infected with hepatitis B. Through Rx Outreach’s online pharmacy, people will now have access to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir, two front-line medications used to treat hepatitis B, at prices significantly lower than retail. The Hepatitis B Foundation is proud to partner with Rx Outreach’s nonprofit pharmacy to identify the most commonly prescribed hepatitis B medications, and refer patients struggling with medication costs. The two nonprofits have partnered to improve health outcomes for people with hepatitis B, under the shared belief that everyone deserves access to affordable health services. “Rx Outreach is proud to work with the Hepatitis B Foundation,” said Darryl Munden, President of Rx Outreach. “We know that countless chronically ill people in the United States have to choose between food and medication. This partnership aligns with our core strategies and belief that everyone deserves access to affordable medications." Known for their exceptional attention to improving the quality of life for those affected by hepatitis B worldwide through education and patient advocacy as well as their focus on finding a cure through research, the Hepatitis B Foundation is a global leader in the field. They are recognized for making great strides for this mostly overlooked and underfunded disease. “The Hepatitis B Foundation is pleased to direct people to a low-cost resource for two of the most commonly prescribed medications for chronic hepatitis B,” said Chari Cohen, DrPH, MPH, Senior Vice President of the Hepatitis B Foundation.  “Nearly 20% of our phone calls in the first three months of this year were directly related to the rising cost of medicines. By partnering with Rx Outreach, Hepatitis B Foundation is improving access to life-saving treatment for people living with hepatitis B – and helping all stakeholders -  family, friends, healthcare providers, community stakeholders, faith-based communities, and national organizations -- to create informative change within the field.”    Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), generic Viread ®, retails for $838.85 for a 30-day supply but is available from Rx Outreach for $25 for up to 30 tablets. Entecavir, generic Baraclude ®, has an average monthly retail price of $981.66, but is available from Rx Outreach for $45 for up to 30 tablets.  Individuals who meet the eligibility requirements will qualify for Rx Outreach’s affordable pricing regardless of their health insurance status or prescription coverage. To learn more about this partnership, visit www.hepb.org/blog  To order medications from Rx Outreach, visit www.rxoutreach.org/hepb The Hepatitis B Foundation does not financially benefit from this partnership.   About Rx Outreach  Rx Outreach is the nation's largest, nonprofit, fully licensed, mail order pharmacy and Patient Assistance Program (PAP). It offers more than 1,000 medication strengths at affordable prices. Missioned to provide affordable medication to the underserved, Rx Outreach partners with hundreds of clinics and organizations across the U.S. to provide a crucial health safety net for those who battle both illness and poverty. Since 2010, Rx Outreach has saved people in need more than $662 million on their prescription medications compared to retail costs. To learn more, go to www.rxoutreach.org/hepb. Follow Rx Outreach on Twitter  https://twitter.com/RxOutreach, on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/RxOutreach and on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/rx-outreach/ About The Hepatitis B Foundation    The Hepatitis B Foundation is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure and improving the quality of life for those affected by Hepatitis B worldwide. Their commitment includes funding focused research, promoting disease awareness, supporting immunization and treatment initiatives, and serving as the primary source of information for patients and their families, the medical and scientific community, and the general public. To learn more, go to www.hepb.org, read our blog at www.hepb.org/blog, follow us on Twitter @HepBFoundation, find us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/hepbfoundation or call 215-489-4900.

    https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/news-2/rxoutreach/
  • Discriminatory Practices in Hepatitis B Treatment Drug Tiering in the United States

    When the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), was passed in 2010, it included consumer protections against discrimination from health insurance companies. Through the Essential Health Benefits (EHB) requirement of the ACA and the non-discrimination provision (Section 1557), federal law states that it is illegal for companies to include a benefit design in their insurance plans that discriminate against individuals based upon their age, disability, gender, health conditions, and numerous other factors that will have the effect of discouraging the enrollment of individuals with significant health needs. Despite the provisions of the Affordable Care Act, insurance companies across the United States are participating in a discriminatory practice called adverse drug tiering. Adverse drug tiering happens when health insurance companies use tactics such as placing all or most medications that treat a specific condition on the pricing highest tiers or implement high cost-shares for treatment. Oftentimes, individuals with pre-existing chronic conditions like hepatitis B are forced to bear the burden of adverse drug tiering. Other tactics used are coinsurance-based cost-sharing designs and making patients regularly seek physician approval - called prior authorization- to access medications for hepatitis B. All of these methods are designed to place the majority of medication costs upon the consumer and/or discourage individuals with pre-existing conditions from enrolling in a health plan. Under the ACA, adverse drug tiering practices are discriminatory and illegal. What we are doing The Hepatitis B Foundation is currently in the process of analyzing access to hepatitis B treatments in health insurance plans participating in federally-facilitated marketplaces for several states. Once a sufficient number of analyses are complete, the Hepatitis B Foundation will work with partners to take strategic actions against discriminatory insurers in order to hold them accountable and to establish a national precedent that affordable hepatitis B treatment is a right. Without affordable options, chronic hepatitis B patients may stop taking medication, which increases their risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. It also discourages people who may be at risk from getting tested and into care. Our methodology is based upon a similar analysis of HIV/AIDS medications. In 2014, the AIDS Institute analyzed health insurance plans in the federal insurance marketplace for 12 states and found many of the same issues that we are observing with hepatitis B treatment today. The AIDS Institute and the National Health Law Program filed a joint complaint on both a state and federal level to encourage insurers to change their policies. The case gained national attention and brought awareness to the issue. What to Do if You are Facing Discrimination Drug access discrimination comes in many forms including, but not limited to: Generic drugs on pricing tiers 3 and above Placing most or all hepatitis B treatments on the highest tiers Requiring coinsurance rates instead of copays for most or all hepatitis B treatments Mandatory physician's approval (prior authorization) for first-line or generic treatments A combination of any of the above markers of discrimination Click here to view Health Insurance Costs Impacting Shoppers Living with Hepatitis B - a comprehensive report that details our findings from analyzing 2019 and 2020 silver-level health insurance plans for potential discriminatory tiering of hepatitis B treatments. The report contains a list of things to consider when choosing health insurance plans, trends that may drive up the cost of treatment, and an overview of health insurance companies that displayed discriminatory practices. If you believe that your insurance company is discriminating against chronic hepatitis B patients, you can contact the Hepatitis B Foundation and file a complaint with your state’s Bureau of Insurance and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Civil Rights. States are the regulatory body for health insurance companies, so it is important to make them aware of the issue. You can use the information on our site to help advocate for yourself, report your experience with discrimination on the Hepatitis B Foundation's Discrimination Registry, or contact the Hepatitis B Foundation at discrimination@hepb.org or 215-489-4900 if you need additional assistance. 

    https://www.hepb.org/resources-and-support/know-your-rights/us-access-to-medicine/

  • Mga Pagsusuri sa Dugo para sa Hepatitis B  Mayroon bang pagsusuri sa dugo para sa hepatitis B?Mayroong simpleng pagsusuri sa dugo para sa hepatitis B na maaaring ipagawa ng iyong doktor o klinika ng kalusugan na tinatawag na “grupo ng pagsusuri ng dugo para sa hepatitis B”. Ang sampol ng dugo na ito ay maaaring kunin sa tanggapan ng iyong doktor. May 3 karaniwang mga pagsusuri na bumubuo sa grupo ng pagsusuri sa dugo na ito. Minsan, maaaring suriin muli ng doktor ang iyong dugo anim na buwan pagkatapos ng iyong unang bisita upang kumpirmahin ang kalagayan ng iyong hepatitis B. Kung sa tingin mo ay kamakailan ka lang nahawa ng hepatitis B, maaaring abutin nang 9 na linggo bago matuklasan ang virus sa iyong dugo.Maaaring nakakalitong unawain ang iyong mga resulta ng pagsusuri sa dugo para sa hepatitis B, kaya gusto mong siguruhin ang iyong dayagnosis – nahawa ka ba ng hepatitis B, gumaling ka ba mula sa hepatitis B na impeksyon, o mayroon ka bang talamak na hepatitis B na impeksyon? Dagdag pa, makatutulong kung humingi ka ng nakasulat na kopya ng iyong mga pagsusuri sa dugo para lubos mong maunawaan kung aling mga pagsusuri ang positibo o negatibo. Ano ang tatlong pagsusuri na bumubuo ng "grupo ng pagsusuri sa dugo para sa hepatitis B"? Ang grupo ng pagsusuri sa dugo para sa hepatitis B ay nangangailangan lamang ng isang sampol ng dugo ngunit kasama rito ang tatlong mga pagsusuri na kinakailangan upang gumawa ng panghuling dayagnosis: HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen)  HBsAb o anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody)  HBcAb o anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) Ano ang hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)? Ang resultang "positibo" o “reaktibo” sa HBsAg na pagsusuri ay nangangahulugan na ang tao ay nahawa sa hepatitis B na virus, na maaaring "malubha" o "talamak" na impeksyon. Ang mga taong nahawahan ay maaaring maipasa ang virus sa iba sa pamamagitan ng kanilang dugo. Ano ang hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)?Ang resultang "positibo" o “reaktibo” HBsAb (o anti-HBs) na pagsusuri ay nagpapahiwatig na ang tao ay matagumpay na tumugon sa bakuna sa hepatitis B o gumaling mula sa malubhang impeksyon ng hepatitis B. Ang resultang ito (kasama ng negatibong resulta sa HbsAg) ay nangangahulugan na ikaw ay hindi tatablan ng (protektado mula sa) hepatitis B na impeksyon sa hinaharap. Ano ang hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)?Ang HBcAb ay isang antibody na bahagi ng virus - hindi ito nagbibigay ng proteksyon. Ang resultang "positibo" o "reaktibo" sa HBcAb (o anti-HBc) na pagsusuri ay nagpapahiwatig ng impeksyon sa nakaraan o kasalukuyan. Ang interpretasyon ng resulta ng pagsusuring ito ay nagdedepende sa mga resulta ng dalawang iba pang mga pagsusuri. Ang paglitaw nito kasama ng nagpoprotektang panlabas na antibody (positibong HBsAb o anti-HBs) ay nagpapahiwatig ng naunang impeksyon at paggaling. Para sa mga taong may talamak na impeksyon, lumilitaw ito kasama ng virus (positibong HBsAg). Hepatitis B Blood Tests Is there a blood test for hepatitis B?There is a simple hepatitis B blood test that your doctor or health clinic can order called the “hepatitis B blood panel”. This blood sample can be taken in the doctor’s office. There are 3 common tests that make up this blood panel. Sometimes the doctor may ask to check your blood again six months after your first visit to confirm your hepatitis B status. If you think you have been recently infected with hepatitis B, it can take up to 9 weeks before the virus will be detected in your blood.Understanding your hepatitis B blood test results can be confusing, so you want to be sure about your diagnosis – are you infected with hepatitis B, have you recovered from a hepatitis B infection, or do you have a chronic hepatitis B infection? In addition, it is helpful if you request a written copy of your blood tests so that you fully understand which tests are positive or negative. What three tests make up the "hepatitis B blood panel"? The hepatitis B blood panel requires only one blood sample but includes three tests that are needed to make a final diagnosis: HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) What is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)? A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus, which can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood. What is the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)?A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person has either successfully responded to the hepatitis B vaccine or has recovered from an acute hepatitis B infection. This result (along with a negative HbsAg result) means that you are immune to (protected from) a future hepatitis B infection. What is the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)?The HBcAb is an antibody that is part of the virus- it does not provide protection. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection. The interpretation of this test result depends on the results of the other two tests. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HBsAg).  

    https://www.hepb.org/languages/tagalog/bloodtests/