Site Search

You searched for "hepatitis D"

• AASLD 2014 Liver Meeting - HBV Coverage

  … interferon for 48 weeks had a "cure" rate of 5.9% (loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and development of surface antibodies) and 24.3% lost the HBeAg, and achieved undetectable viral load. A second group treated with tenofovir plus interferon for 16 weeks followed by only tenofovir for 32 weeks had an HBsAg loss rate of 0.6%; and only 20.2% lost HBeAg. None of the group treated with just tenofovir for 48 weeks lost HBsAg and only 8.3% lost HBeAg. Among those treated with just interferon, 1.8% lost HBsAg and 12.5% lost HBeAg. (Abstract 193) Another study followed 303 younger adult patients who had done well on antivirals. Researchers added interferon to the patients' ongoing antiviral treatment for 12 weeks, and then continued them on only the interferon for another 48 or 96 more weeks. After this sequential antiviral and interferon treatment, a cure including HBsAg loss and surface antibody development, reached 16.2% and 12.5% respectively, and 58.7% patients lost HBeAg and developed "e" antibodies. Patients who started with lower HBsAg levels (less than 1,500 IU/mL) achieved higher rates of HBsAg loss. Researchers concluded that HBeAg-positive patients who did well on antivirals were likely to clear HBsAg when switched to interferon treatment. (Abstract LB-10) Hepatitis Plenary Session  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002 /hep.27480/full  Abstract 193. HBsAg Loss with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) plus Peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG) in Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB): Results of a Global Randomized Controlled Trial AASLD Late Breaking Abstracts http://www.aasld.org/livermeeting /Documents/ Late-Breaking%20Abstracts% 20TLM14.pdf Abstract Final ID: LB-10. A multi-center randomized study on the efficacy and safety of switching to peginterferonα-2a (40KD) for 48 or 96 weeks in HBeAg positive CHB patients with a prior NUC history for 1 to 3 years: an interim analysis of NEW SWITCH study 2.  Tenofovir continues to excel with no signs of drug

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/aasld-2014-liver-meeting-hbv-coverage/

• ከሄፓታይተስ ቢ ጋር መኖር  ከያዘኝ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ መዳን እችላለሁ? እንደ አዲስ የተያዙት አብዛኞቹ ጎልማሶች ያለምንም ችግር ይፈወሳሉ፡፡ ነገር ግን ህፃናት እና ታዳጊዎች ቫይረሱን ስኬታማ በሆነ መልኩ ማስወገድ አይችሉም፡፡ ጎልማሶች– 90% የሚሆኑት ጤናማ ጎልማሶች ቫይረሱን በማስወገድ ያለምንም ችግር ሲፈወሱ፤ 10% የሚሆኑት ስር በሰደደ የሄፓታተስ ቢ ተይዘዋል. ታዳጊ ህፃናት– እድሜያቸው በ1 እና በ5 ዓመት ከሆናቸው መካከል እስከ 50% የሚሆኑት ታዳጊ ህፃናት ስር በሰደደው የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ተጠቅተዋል፡፡ ጨቅላ ህፃናት– 90% የሚሆኑት በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ሲጠቁ፤ 10% የሚጠጉት ብቻ ቫይረሱ ከሰውነታቸው ይወገዳል፡፡ "በጀማሪ" እና "ስር በሰደደ" ሄፓታይተስ ቢ መካከል ያለው ልዩነት ምንድን ነው? በሄፓታይተስ ቢ መያዝ "በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ" ላይ እንዳለ ተደርጎ የሚወሰደው ግለሰቡ ለቫይረሱ ከተጋለጠበት ጀምሮ ያሉት የመጀመሪያ 6 ወራትን ያካትታል፡፡ ከሄፓታይተስ ቢ መያዝ ለመዳን የሚወስደው ጊዜ በአማካይ ነው፡፡  ከ6 ወራት በኋላ ውጤትዎ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስ እንዳለ (HBsAg+) ካሳየ "ስር የሰደደ" ሄፓታይተስ ቢ እስከ እድሜ ዘመንዎ አብሮ እንደሚቆይ ያረጋግጣል፡፡  በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ላይ ያለ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ካለብኝ ልታመም እላለሁ? ሄፓታይተስ ቢ "ድምፅ አልባው በካይ” ይባላል፤ ለዚህም ምክንያቱ አልፎ አልፎ ምንም አይነት የበሽታው ምልክቶች አለመታየታቸው ነው፡፡ ብዙ ሰዎች ጤናማ እንደሆኑ ያስባሉ፤ በቫይረሱ ስለመያዛቸው አያውቁም፤ ይህም ማለት ባለማወቅ ወደ ሌሎች ሰዎች ያስተላልፋሉ ማለት ነው፡፡ ሌሎች ሰዎች የተወሰኑ ምልክቶች ማለትም እንደ ትኩሳት፣ ድካም፣ የመገጣጠሚያ እና ጡንቻ ህመም፣ የምግብ ፍላጎት ማጣትን ተከትሎ ወባ እንደሆነ ይገምታሉ፡፡  ብዙም የማይስተዋል ነገር ግን ጠንከር ያሉ ምልክቶች የሚያካትቱት የበዛ ንፍጥ፣ ማስመለስ፣ የአይንና ቆዳ ቢጫ መሆን (ጁአንዳይስ የሚባለው) እና የጨጓራ መነፋት ሲሆን እነዚህ ምልክቶች የታየበት በፍጥነት የሀኪም እርዳታ ማግኘት ያለበት ሲሆን ግለሰቡም ወደ በሆስፒታል እርዳታ ማግኘት አለበት፡፡ በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ካለ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ መዳኔን እንዴት ነው ላውቅ የምችለው? ያንተ ዶክተር ባደረገልህ የደም ምርመራ ቫይረሱ ከሰውነትህ እንደወጣና ሰውነትህ ተከላካይ አንቲቦዲ (HBsAb+) እንደፈጠረ ካረጋገጠ ወደፊት ሊገጥምህ ከሚችል የሄፓታይተስ ቢ የተጠበቅክ ከመሆንህም በተጨማሪ ወደሌሎችም አታስተላልፍም፡፡ ስር የሰደደው ሄፓታይተስ ቢ በደሜ ከተገኘምንድን ነው ማድረግ ያለብኝ? ከ6 ወር በኋላ ባለው ጊዜ በተደረገ ምርመራ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስ መኖሩ ከተረጋገጠ ስር በሰደደው የሄፓታይተስ ቢ መያዝህን ያመላክታል፡፡ ከሄፓቶሎጂስት (የጉበት ስፔሻሊስት)፣ ከጋስትሮኢንተሮሎጂስት ወይም ስለ ሄታይተስ ቢ ከሚያውቅ የቤተሰብ ዶክተር ጋር ቀጠሮ መያዝ አለብዎት፡፡ ዶክተሩም የደም ምርመራ እንዲደረግ ሊያዝ፣ ምናልባትም የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስ ምን ያህል በጉበት ውስጥ እየተዛመተ እንዳለ ለማወቅና የጉበትዎን ጤንነት ለመፈተሽ የጉበት አልትራሳውንድ ሊያዝም ይችላል፡፡ ዶክተርዎ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ያለበትን ደረጃ ለማየት እና ከህክምናው ምን ያህል እንደጠቀሙ ለማየት በዓመት ውስጥ ቢያንስ አንዴ አሊያም ሁለት ጊዜ ሊያይዎት ይገባል፡፡ ሁሉም በፀና የታመሙ ሰዎች ህክምና ጀመሩም አልጀመሩም በዓመት ቢያንስ አንድ ግዜ (ወይም ደጋግመው) ወጥነት ላለው የህክምና ክትትል በዶክተሮቻቸው መታየት አለባቸው፡፡ ምንም እንኳን ቫይረሱ ደካማ በሚባል ደረጃ ላይ ያለ ከሆነና ትንሽ ወይም ምንም ጉዳት የማያመጣ ከሆነ፤ ይህ በጊዜ ሂደት ስለሚለወጥ ወጥነት ያለው ክትትል ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ብዙ ሰር በሰደደ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ የተያዙ ሰዎች ጤናማ ሆነው ብዙ አመታትን መኖር ይመኛሉ፡፡ ስር የሰደደው ሄፓታይተስ ቢ እንዳለብዎ ከታወቀ፣ ቫይረሱ በደምዎ ውስጥ ለረዥም አመታት አብሮ ይኖራል፡፡ የህመም ስሜት ባይሰማዎት እንኳን፣ ቫይረሱን ወደሌሎች ሊያስተላልፉ እንደሚችሉ ማወቁ ጠቃሚ ነው፡፡ ተጠጋግተው የሚኖሩ ሰዎችና የወሲብ ጓደኞች ለሄፓታይተስ ቢ መከተባቸውን እርግጠኛ መሆን ጠቃሚ ነው የሚባለው ለዚህ ነው፡፡   የእኔን ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ለመቆጣጠር የሚረዳኝ የትኛው ምርመራ ነው? ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ን ለመመርመር በዶክተሮች በብዛት ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉት የምርመራ ኣይነቶች ሄፓታይተስ ቢ የደም ፓነል፣ ጉበት መስራቱን የሚያረጋግጥ ምርመራዎች (ALT፣ AST)፣ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ e-Antigen (HBeAg)፣ ሄፓታይተስ ቢe-Antibody (HBeAb) ፣ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ DNA quantification (ቫይራል ሎድ)፣ እና የጉበትን ገፅታ መመርመር (አልትራሳውንድ፣ ፊብሮስካን [ትራንሳይንት ኢላስቶግራፊ] ወይም ሲቲ ስካን)፡፡ ስር ለሰደደ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ መድሀኒት አለ? እስካሁን ስር ለሰደደ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ የሚሆን መድሀኒት የለም፤ ነገር ግን መልካም የሚባለው ዜና በፅኑ የታመመውን ግለሰብ የጉበት ህመም እንዳይባባስ ቫይረሶቹ እንዲዳከሙ የሚያደርጉ ህክምናዎች አሉ፡፡ የሚራቡት የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረሶች ቁጥር በቀነሰ ጊዜ በጉበት ላይ የሚደርሰው ጉዳትም ይቀንሳል፡፡ ብዙም የተለመደ ባይሆንም እነዚህ መድሀኒቶች ቫይረሱን ሲያስወግዱ ይታያሉ፡፡  ያሉት ተስፋ ሰጪ ምርምሮች ሲታዩ፣ ወደፊት ስር የሰደደውን ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ለማከም የመረዱ መድሀኒቶች እንደሚገኙ ታላቅ ተስፋ አለ፡፡ የእኛን ጎብኙ መድሀኒት ተመልከቱ በመምጣት ላይ ያሉት ሌሎች ተስፋ ሰጪ መድሀኒቶች ዝርዝር፡፡ ስር የሰደደውን ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ለማከም የሚረዱ የተረጋገጡ መድሀኒቶች አሉ? ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ን ለማከም የሚረዱት የአሁኖቹ መድሀኒቶች በጥቅሉ በሁለት የሚከፈሉ ሲሆኑ እነሱም አንቲቫይራል እና ኢሚዩን ሞዱሌተርስ ይባላሉ፦   አንቲቫይራል መድሀኒቶች - እነዚህ መድሀኒቶች የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስን የሚያዳክሙ ወይም የሚያስቆሙ ብሎም የጉበትን መቃጠልና መጎዳት የሚቀንሱ ናቸው፡፡ እነዚህ በፒል መልስ ቢያንስ ለ 1 ዓመትና ከዚያም በላይ በቀን አንድ ግዜ የሚወሰዱ ናቸው፡፡ የአሜሪካው ኤፍ.ዲ.ኤ ያረጋገጣቸው 6 አንቲቫይራሎች ያሉ ሲሆን ከእነዚህም ውስጥ ሶስቱ በቀዳሚነት የተቀመጡት አንቲቫይራሎች ለህክምና ይመከራሉ፡፡ እነሱም ቲኖፎቪር ዲሶፕሮክሲል (ቪሬድ/ቲ.ዴ.ኤፍ)፣ ቲኖፎቪርአላፈናማይድ (ቬምሊዲ/ቲ.ኤ.ኤፍ) እና ኢንትካቪር (ባራክሉድ)፡፡ መጀመሪያው መስመር ላይ ያሉት አንቲቫይራሎች አስተማማኝና በጣም ውጤታማ በመሆናቸው ይመከራሉ፡፡ በበሽታው ላይ ተፅዕኖ በማድረስም ከአሮጌዎቹ አንቲቫይራል የተሻለ ፕሮፋይል ያላቸው ሲሆን በታዘዘው መሰረት ከተወሰዱበሽታው በቀላሉ ሊላመዳቸው አይችልም፡፡ መድሀኒቱን መላመድ እያደገ ከመጣ ቫይረሱን ለማከምና ለመቆጣጠር አስቸጋሪ ይሆናል፡፡ ኢሙዩኖሞዱሌተር መድሀኒቶች - እነዚህ መድሀኒቶች የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስን ለመቆጣጠር የሚረዳው የሰውነት የመከላከል አቅም እንዲያድግ የሚያደርጉ ናቸው፡፡ ከ 6 ወር እስከ 1 ዓመት ባለው ጊዜ ውስጥ በመርፌ የሚሰጡ ናቸው፡፡ በብዛት የታዘዘው ኢንተርፌሮን አልፋ-2b (Intron A) እናፔጊሌትድ ኢንተርፌሮን (Pegasys) ናቸው፡፡ በሄፓታይተስ ዴልታ ለተጎዱ ሰዎች ይህ በብቸኝነት የሚታዘዝ ህክምና ነው፡፡   እነዚህ መድሀኒቶች ስር ለሰደደ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ በሽታ "ፈውስ" ይሰጣሉ? ምንም እንኳን የተሟላ ፈውስ ባይሰጡም አሁን ላይ ያሉ መድሀኒቶች ቫይረሱን በማዳከም በቀጣይ ጊዜያት የከፋ የጉበት በሽታ የመያዝ ስጋትን ይቀንሳሉ፡፡ በጥቂት ወራት ውስጥ ህመምተኛው የተሻለ ስሜት ይሰማዋል፤ ምክንያቱም ጉበቱ ላይ በቫይረሱ እየደረሰበት የነበረው ጉዳት እየቀነሰ ይመጣል፤ አሊያም ለረዥም ጊዜ ሲወሰድ ድጋሚ ሊያገረሽም ይችላል፡፡ አንቲቫይራል ዝም ብሎ የሚወሰድ አሊያም የሚቆም አይደለም፤ ለዚያም ነው ስለ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ን እውቀት ያለው ዶክተር ስር በሰደደው የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስ ላይ ክትትል አድርጎ ህክምናውን ይጀምር የሚባለው፡፡ ስር በሰደደ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ መያዜ ቢታወቅ መድሀኒት መውሰድ አለብኝ ማለት ነው? ማንኛውም ስር የሰደደ ሔፓታይተስ ቢ ያለበት ሰው ሁሉ መድሀኒት የማይወስድ መሆኑ ከግንዛቤ ውስጥ ማስገባት ጠቃሚ ነው፡፡ መድሀኒት ለመውሰድ ብቁ ስለመሆን አለመሆንህ ለማወቅ ዶክተርህን ማነጋገር አለብህ፡፡ እርስዎ አሊያም የእርስዎ ዶክተር ህክምና መጀመር እንዳለብዎት ወሰናችሁም አልወሰናችሁም፣ በጉበት ሴፔሻሊስት ወይም ስለ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ እውቀቱ ባለው ዶክተር አዘውትረው መታየት አለብዎት፡፡ ለሄፓታይተስ ቢ ከእፀዋት የተዘጋጁ መድሀኒቶችን መጠቀም አስተማማኝ ነው? በርካታ ሰዎች በሽታ የመከላከል አቅማቸውን ከፍ ለማድረግ ብሎም ጉበታቸውን ለማገዝ ከእፀዋት የተዘጋጁ መድሀኒቶችን ይጠቀማሉ፡፡ ችግሩ ያለው እነዚህን ምርቶች የሚያመርቱ ካምፓኒዎች ላይ የሚደረግ ቁጥጥር የለም፤ ይህም ጠንካራና አስተማማኝ የሆነ ምርምር እንዳይኖር አድርጓል፡፡ ስለሆነምየዕፀዋቱ ወይም ቫይታሚኑ ጥራት ከጠርሙስ ወደ ጡርሙስ የተለያየ ነው፡፡ ለሄፓታይተስ ቢ ተብሎ ከሚታዘዙ መድሀኒቶች ጎን ሌሎች ባህላዊ መድሀኒቶችን መጠቀም ጉበትን ለከፋ ጉዳት ይዳርጋል፡፡ እነዚህ ባህላዊ መድሀኒቶች ስር የሰደደ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ በሽታን አያክሙም፡፡ በኢንተርኔት እና በማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ላይ ስለ ምርታቸው የሚዋሹ ድርጅቶች ብዙ ናቸው፡፡ በፌስ ቡክ የኦንላይን ግዙን ጥያቄዎች እና የህሙማን ምስጋናዎች የውሸት ናቸው፤ ይህ ውድ የሆኑ ባህላዊ መድሀኒቶቻቸውንና ሌሎች ነገሮችን ለመሸጥ የሚጠቀሙበት ብልጠት ነው፡፡ አስታውስ፣ እውነት መሆኑ ጥሩ ቢሆንም፤ እውነት ሆኖ ላይገኝ ይችላል፡፡ ስለፆች እና ሌሎች ተያያዥ መድሀኒቶች ተዓማኒ የመረጃ ምንጮች ከዚህ እንደሚከተለው ቀርበዋል፡፡ ይህ መረጃ የተመሰረተው በሳይንሳዊ መረጃ ነው፣ በውሸት ቃል አይደለም፡፡ እርግጠኛ ሁን ዋነኛ ግብአቶቹ የምትጠቀምባቸው ባህላዊ መድሀኒቶችና ሌሎች ነገሮች ትክክለኛ እና ጉበትን የማይጎዱ ስለመሆናቸው፡፡ ዋናውና ጠቃሚው ነገር ጉበትህን ከሌላ ማንኛውም ጉዳት መጠበቅ ነው፡፡ የጤናማ ጉበት ምንነት ማሳያዎችይህ ስር ከሰደደ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ጋር ለሚኖሩ ነው? ሰር ከሰደደ ሄፓታይተስ ቢ ጋር የሚኖሩ ሰዎች የመድሀኒት ህክምና ሊያስፈልጋቸው ላያስፈልጋቸውም ይችላል፡፡ ነገር ግን ታማሚው ጉበቱን ለመጠበቅ እንዲሁም ጤናውን ለማሻሻል ማድረግ ያለበት ነገሮች ብዙ ናቸው፡፡ ከዚህ ቀጥሎ ያሉት 10ሩ ጤናማ አማራጮች ዝርዝር ሲሆን ዛሬውኑ መጀመር ያለባቸው ናቸው፡፡ የጉበት ስፔሻሊስቱ ወይም የጤና ባለሙያው ጋር አዘውትረው በመሄድ ጤናዎን እንዲሁም የጉበትዎን ጤና ይጠብቁ፡፡ ጉበትዎን ከሚያጠቃ ሌላ ቫይረስ ለመጠበቅ የሄፓታይተስ ቢ ክትባትን ይውሰዱ፡፡ ቀድሞ በሄፓታይተስ ቢ ቫይረስ የተጎዳውን ጉበትዎን ከጉዳት ለመጠበቅ አልኮል መጠጣትንና ማጨስ ሁለቱም ጉበትን ስለሚጎዱ ያስወግዱ፡፡ የባህል መድሀኒት ወይም ተጨማሪ ቫይታሚኖችን መውሰድ ከመጀመርዎ በፊት ከሀኪምዎ ጋር መነጋገር አለብዎት፤ ምክንያም እነዚህ በሀኪም ከታዘዘልዎት የሄፓታይተስ ቢ መድሀኒት ጋር ስለሚቃረን አሊያም ጉበትን ሊጎዳ ለሚችል ነው፡፡ ስለሚቃረኑ መድሀኒቶች እርግጠኛ ለመሆን ፋርማሲስት ጋር ሄዶ ማረጋገጥ ያስፈልጋል፡፡ (ለምሳሌ አሲታሚኖፌን፣ ፓራሲታሞል) ወይም ለሄፓታይተስ ቢ ያልታዘዙ መድሀኒቶች በጉበት ላይ ምንም ጉዳት ስላለማስከተላቸው እርግጠኛ መሆን ያስፈልጋል፤ ለዚህ ደግሞ ዋናው ምክንያት አብዛኞቹ መደሀኒቶች ጉበት ላይ ሂደታቸውን ጠብቀው ስለሚያልፉ ነው፡፡  ወደ ውስጣችን ከአየር ጋር የምናስገባቸውን ከቀለም የሚወጡ ሽታዎችን፣ ቀለም ማስለቀቂያ፣ ሙጫ፣ የጥፍር ቀለም ማስለቀቂያ፣ እና ሌሎችም መርዛማ ኬሚካሎች ጉበትን ሊጎዱ ስለሚችሉ መጠንቀቅ ተገቢ ነው፡፡   እንደ ፍራፍሬ፣ ጥራጥሬ፣ አሳ፣ ጮማ ያልበዛበት ስጋ እና በርካታ አታክልት በመጠቀም ጤናማ አመጋገብን መከተል ያስፈልጋል፡፡ “ክሩሲፈረስ አታክልቶች” በተለይም- ጎመን፣ ብሮኮሊ፣ አበባ ጎመን፣ ከአካባቢያዊ ኬሚካል ጉበትን ለመከላከል ይረዳል፡፡  ጥሬ የሆነና ያልበሰለ አሳን መመገብን አርግፍ አድርጎ መተው ያስፈልጋል (ለምሳሌ ትንንሽ የባህር ውስጥ የአሳ ዝርያዎች መካከል እንደ ክላምስ፣ ሙሴልስ፣ ኦይስተርስ እና ስካሎፕስ የሚባሉት) ምክንያም በባክቴሪያ እንድንበከል ስለሚያደርጉ ቫይበሮ ቩልንፊከስ፣ በጣም መርዛማ በመሆኑ ጉበት ላይ በርካታ ጉዳት ያደርሳል፡፡ በእንደ ለውዝ፣ በቆሎ እና ማሽላ ያሉ ምግቦችን ከመጠቀማችን በፊት የሻጋታ ምልክት ስላለመኖሩ እርግጠኛ መሆን ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ሻጋታ በአብዛኛው በምግብ ላይ ችግር የሚሆነው ምግቡ እርጥበት ባለበት ቦታ ላይ ሲቀመጥና በአግባቡ ሳይታሸግ ሲቀር ነው፡፡ ሻጋታ ካለ ምግቡ በ “አፍላቶክሲንስ” የሚበከል ሲሆን ይህ ደግሞ የጉበት ካንሰር የመከሰት እድሉን ከፍ ያደርገዋል፡፡ የጭንቀትን መጠን ለመቀነስ ጤናማ አመጋገብን መከተል፣ አዘውትሮ እንቅስቃሴ መስራት እና በቂ እረፍት ማግኘት ተገቢ ነው፡፡  የምንመገበው፣ የምንጠጣው፣ የምንተነፍሰው ወይም በቆዳችን ወደ ውስጥ የሚገባው ሳይቀር በሂደት በጉበት ማጣራት እንደሚካሄድባቸው ሁሌ ልብ ማለት ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ስለሆነም ጤናዎን እና ጉበትዎን ይጠብቁ! ሄፓታይተስ ቢ እያለብኝ ደም መለገስ እችላለሁ? በጭራሽ፣ የደም ባንክ ለሄፓታይተስ ቢ የተጋለጠን ሰው ደም አይወስድም፤ እንዲያውም በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ከተያዘና ከተሻለው ሰው እንኳን አይወስድም፡፡       Living with Hepatitis B Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection?Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B. Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection.Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus. What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection?A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime. Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection?Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others. What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B?If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment.All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B?Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B?Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B?Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B?
Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication?It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection?Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tips are there for those living with chronic hepatitis B?People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver.  Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest.  Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.  

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/amharic/living/
• Personal Reflection on Yesterday’s FDA Vaccine Advisory Panel Review of Dynavax’s New HBV Vaccine

    I was fortunate to have the opportunity to represent the Hepatitis B Foundation at yesterday’s FDA vaccine advisory panel review of Dynavax’s new HEPLISAV vaccine for hepatitis B.  I was there for the public comment period on the second day of the meeting with my prepared statement. I was surprised to find I was the only one there for public comment. Since I've never been to anything like this, I don't know if that is typical or not.  I think my personal story with HBV, and the message from the HBF was important for the FDA panel to hear, so they were sure to be reminded that there are real people affected by chronic hepatitis B. There has been a great deal of good press about the new Dynavax vaccine. In studies it has superior immunogenicity when compared to the currently available vaccines. Immunity is generated in 2 doses given one month apart, versus the currently available vaccines where it is a three shot series over 6 months. This is particularly important to subpopulations such as those undergoing dialysis, and diabetic adults who are encouraged to be vaccinated against hepatitis B – a new recommendation by the CDC this year. It is also important to the general adult population, where it is found that 30-50% of adults may not complete the 3 shot HBV vaccine series making them vulnerable to infection. This  need for HBV prevention via a more effective vaccine, particularly in needy subpopulations was what was stressed in HBF's public statement. I do believe the panel was well aware of the importance of HBV prevention and one doctor made mention of the importance based on "the public comment", so they were listening. Another doctor mentioned the burden of the disease not only globally, but also in the US. That is often understated. The FDA panel met both Wednesday and Thursday. The public comment period was Thursday, and I remained there for the vote on two vital questions.  The first question was about whether the immunogenicity data was

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/personal-reflection-on-yesterdays-fda-vaccine-advisory-panel-review-of-dynavaxs-new-hbv-vaccine/

• 妊娠とB型肝炎  妊婦はB型肝炎の検査を受けるべきですか？ はい。妊娠中の女性は全員B型肝炎の検査を受けるべきです。妊娠したら、出産前に必ずB型肝炎の検査を受けてください。 B型肝炎の検査が妊婦にとってとても重要な理由は？ B型肝炎に感染している妊婦は、妊娠中や出産中に新生児にウイルスを感染させてしまうおそれがあります。妊婦がB型肝炎に感染していることを医師が知っていたら、医師は新生児が感染しないように分娩室で適切な処置を行うことができます。適切な処置が行われないと、新生児が慢性B型肝炎を発症する確率は95%です。 B型肝炎に感染していると妊娠に影響しますか？ 妊娠中、B型肝炎が妊婦やまだ生まれていない赤ちゃんに問題を引き起こさないようにしなければなりません。担当医師が妊婦がB型肝炎に感染していることを知っていれば、妊婦の健康状態を監視し、赤ちゃんが生まれたら感染しないように守ることができます。 妊婦がB型肝炎に感染していたら、どうやって赤ちゃん守ればいいのですか？ B型肝炎の検査結果が陽性であった場合、医師はB型肝炎のe抗原（HBeAg）の検査を行います。そしてその結果も陽性であれば、次にB型肝炎ウイルス量血液検査（HBV DNA定量検査）を行います。検査結果で極めて高いウイルス量が判明した場合には、医師は妊娠後期に経口抗ウイルス薬を服用するように勧めます。この薬は妊婦にも安全で、出産時に新生児の感染リスクを減らしてくれます。  B型肝炎の検査結果が陽性の場合、新生児は分娩室で直ちに2回の予防接種を受けなければなりません。 1回目はB型肝炎ワクチン 2回目はB型肝炎免疫グロブリン（HBIG） 出産後12時間以内にこれら2つの予防接種が適切に実施されると、90%上の確率で新生児は生涯にわたってB型肝炎の感染から守られます。 予防接種のスケジュールに従って、B型肝炎の残りの2～3回の予防接種を必ず赤ちゃんに受けさせてください。赤ちゃんをB型肝炎の感染から完全に守るには、どちらの予防接種も受けなければなりません。B型肝炎ウイルス（HBV）陽性の母親から生まれる赤ちゃんは、9～12ヶ月の時点で予防接種後の血清検査を受けて、HBVに感染していないことを確認することも大切です。この検査には、HBsAgと抗HBs検査が含まれます。 この機会を逃したら、赤ちゃんをB型肝炎から守るための機会は二度とやって来ません! 米国外での予防摂取 多くの国では、5種混合ワクチン、すなわち5つの病気（ジフテリア、百日咳、破傷風、B型インフルエンザ、B型肝炎）から保護するために組み合せたワクチンを6週～1歳の乳児に接種します。1回目の接種は6週目、2回目は10週目、3回目は14週目に行います。5種混合ワクチンは、ワクチン予防接種同盟団体であるGaviの支援により、無料で接種できます。提供されているリソースや予防接種については、お住まいの国のGavi本部にご連絡ください。 http://www.gavi.org/country/. B型肝炎の母親から生まれた赤ちゃんは、出産時から6週目までの間の感染を防ぐことができないため、5種混合ワクチンの最初の接種を待っていたのでは遅すぎます。B型肝炎検査で陽性になった女性は、ウイルスを赤ちゃんに感染させるおそれがあり、感染すると赤ちゃんは慢性肝炎にかかります。 WHOは、出生後24時間以内にすべての新生児にB型肝炎の予防接種を行うことを推奨しています。Gaviでは出生時の予防接種は提供されていませんので、出生時の予防接種が可能かどうか、可能な場合はその費用について前もって確認してください。これは、B型肝炎検査で陽性だった女性にとって特に大切です。 B型肝炎に感染しているかどうかわからない場合は、担当医に検査をしてもらってください。 5種混合ワクチンの接種を受けない赤ちゃんの場合は、B型肝炎ウイルス（HBV）のワクチンを出生後12時間以内に接種し、残りの2～3回の接種も接種スケジュールに従って行います。 5種混合ワクチンの接種を受ける赤ちゃんの場合は、B型肝炎の1回目の接種を出生後12時間以内に行い、残り2～3回目のHBVワクチン接種は、5種混合ワクチン接種の1～2回目の接種によって行います（5種混合にHBVワクチンも含まれるため）。 *注意：CDCは、B型肝炎ウイルス（HBV）のワクチンの1回目の接種とB型肝炎免疫グロブリン（HBIG）を出生後12時間以内に行うように推奨しています。HBIGはすべての国で接種できるわけではありません。 妊娠中に治療は必要ですか？ 妊娠中、B型肝炎が妊婦やまだ生まれていない赤ちゃんに問題を引き起こさないようにしなければなりません。担当医師が妊婦がB型肝炎に感染していることを知っていれば、妊婦の健康状態を監視し、赤ちゃんが生まれたら感染しないように守ることができます。妊婦していて米国外にお住まいの方で、B型肝炎にかかっているかどうかがはっきりしない場合は、担当医にB型肝炎の検査を申し出てください。 HBeAg陽性でウイルス量が極めて高い母親から生まれた新生児の場合は、HBVワクチンとHBIGを出生時に接種しないと高い確率でB型肝炎に感染するおそれがあります。 妊娠中にB型肝炎と診断された女性は全員、B型肝炎に詳しい医師の治療を引き続き受けるべきです。担当医師は、B型肝炎e抗原、HBV DNAレベル、および肝機能検査 (ALT) を含めた臨床検査を行う必要があります。 200,000 IU/mLまたは1,000,000 cp/mlより高いウイルスレベルは、ワクチンとHBIGを組合せた出生時の接種が十分ではない可能性を示しています。出生前にウイルス量を減らすためには、テノホビルを用いた第一選択で高ウイルス療法を推奨します。テノホビルは、妊娠中と授乳中の母親にとって安全であることがわかっています。テノホビルの効果がない場合には、担当医によりテルビブジンかラミブジンが処方される場合もあります。抗ウイルス治療は妊娠28～32週に始まり、出産後3ヶ月まで続けられます。 出産後に治療は必要ですか？ 妊娠中に抗ウイルス薬を処方されている場合、3ヶ月ごとに6ヶ月間 ALT（SGPT：血清グルタミン酸‐ピルビン酸トランスアミナー）をモニターする必要があります。これは、抗ウイルス治療を続けるかどうかを判断する目安となります。医師が検査結果に基いて抗ウイルス治療を続ける必要がないと助言しない限り、治療を止めないでください。フォローアップ検査で活動性疾患の徴候が見られない女性に対しては、多くの場合担当医師は肝臓専門医による定期的な診察を推奨します。  どのような場合でも、産科医と新生児担当の小児科医が母親のB型肝炎について認識し、新生児の出産時に適切な予防接種を確実に実施して生涯にわたるB型肝炎への感染を防ぎ、母親が必要なフォローアップ治療を受けることが非常に重要です。  B型肝炎の母親は授乳できますか？ 授乳によるB型肝炎感染のリスクは非常に小さく、授乳で得られる利点はその潜在的なリスクを上回ります。さらに、新生児には全員、出生時にB型肝炎の接種を受けることが奨励されており、感染リスクはさらに低下します。また、B型肝炎を管理するために処方されるテノホビルは、授乳する女性にとって安全であるというデータが示されています。 Pregnancy & Hepatitis B Should I be tested for hepatitis B if I am pregnant? Yes, ALL pregnant women should be tested for hepatitis B! If you are pregnant, be sure your doctor tests you for hepatitis B before your baby is born. Why are these tests so important for pregnant women? If you test positive for hepatitis B and are pregnant, the virus can be passed on to your newborn baby during your pregnancy or during delivery. If your doctor is aware that you have hepatitis B, he or she can make arrangements to have the proper medications in the delivery room to prevent your baby from being infected. If the proper procedures are not followed, your baby has a 95% chance of developing chronic hepatitis B! Will a hepatitis B infection affect my pregnancy? A hepatitis B infection should not cause any problems for you or your unborn baby during your pregnancy. It is important for your doctor to be aware of your hepatitis B infection so that he or she can monitor your health and so your baby can be protected from an infection after it is born. If I am pregnant and have hepatitis B, how can I protect my baby? If you test positive for hepatitis B, your doctor should also test you for the hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), and if positive, you should have a hepatitis B viral load blood test (HBV DNA quantification). In some cases, the laboratory test results may show a very high viral load. In these cases, your physician may recommend that you take an oral antiviral drug in the third trimester, which is safe to take to reduce the risk of infecting your newborn at birth.  If you test positive for hepatitis B, then your newborn must be given two shots immediately in the delivery room: First dose of the hepatitis B vaccine One dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) If these two medications are given correctly within the first 12 hours of life, a newborn has more than a 90% chance of being protected against a lifelong hepatitis B infection. You must make sure your baby receives the remaining 2-3 doses of the hepatitis B vaccine according to schedule. All doses must be completed in order for your infant to be fully protected against hepatitis B. It is also important that a baby born to an HBV-positive mother receive post-vaccination serologic testing at 9-12 months to confirm the baby is protected against HBV and is not infected. Tests include the HBsAg and anti-HBs titer test. There is no second chance to protect your newborn baby! Vaccination Outside the United States In many countries, the pentavalent vaccine, a combination 5-in-one vaccine that protects against five diseases (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, Hib and hepatitis B) may be given to babies more than 6 weeks of age, and can be given up to 1 year of age. The first dose is given at 6 weeks, and the second and third doses are given at 10 and 14 weeks of age. The pentavalent vaccine may be made available free of charge with the support of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Check the Gavi country hub to see the resources and immunizations that may be available: http://www.gavi.org/country/. For babies born to mothers with hepatitis B, waiting for the first dose of the pentavalent vaccine is too late and will NOT protect the baby from becoming infected during birth or within the first six weeks of life. A woman who is hepatitis B positive is likely to pass the virus on to her baby, who will then be chronically infected. WHO recommends the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth for ALL babies. Plan ahead and inquire about the availability and cost of the monovalent (single), birth dose of the vaccine, as it is not a Gavi provided immunization. This is particularly important to women who are positive for hepatitis B. If you are unsure of your hepatitis B status, please be sure your doctor tests you for hepatitis B! For babies NOT receiving the pentavalent vaccine, the first dose of the monovalent, HBV vaccine must be given within 12 hours of birth, followed by the remaining 2-3 doses of the hepatitis B vaccine according to schedule. For babies receiving the pentavalent vaccine, the first, monovalent dose of the hepatitis B vaccine is given within 12 hours of birth, and the second and third doses of the HBV vaccine will be included in dose 1 and dose 2 of the pentavalent vaccine. *Note: CDC recommends both the first shot of the HBV vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth. HBIG may not be available in all countries. Do I need treatment during my pregnancy? A hepatitis B infection should not cause any problems for you or your unborn baby during your pregnancy. It is important for your doctor to be aware of your hepatitis B infection so that he or she can monitor your health and so your baby can be protected from an infection after it is born. If you live outside of the U.S. and are unsure of your hepatitis B status, please ask your doctor to test you for hepatitis B. Failure of the birth dose of the HBV vaccine and HBIG may occur in women who are HBeAg positive and have a very high viral load, allowing for the transmission of hepatitis B to your baby. All women who are diagnosed with hepatitis B in pregnancy should be referred for follow up care with a physician skilled at managing hepatitis B infection. Your physician should perform additional laboratory testing, including hepatitis B e-antigen, HBV DNA level, and liver function tests (ALT). A virus level greater than 200,000 IU/mL or 1 million cp/ml indicates a level where the combination of the birth dose of the vaccine and HBIG may fail. First-line, antiviral therapy with tenofovir may be recommended to reduce the viral load prior to birth. Tenofovir has been shown to be safe both during pregnancy and for breastfeeding mothers. In cases where tenofovir is not effective, doctors may prescribe telbivudine or lamivudine. Antiviral treatment begins at 28-32 weeks and continues 3 months postpartum. Do I need treatment after my pregnancy? If you are prescribed antivirals during pregnancy, you should have your ALT (SGPT) monitored every 3 months for 6 months. This will help determine if you should continue antiviral treatment. Please do not discontinue your antiviral medication unless the doctor advises you to, based upon test results. For most women whose follow up testing shows no signs of active disease, your physician will recommend regular monitoring with a liver specialist.  In all cases, it is very important that your obstetrician and your newborn’s pediatrician, are aware of your hepatitis B status to ensure that your newborn receives the proper vaccines at birth to prevent a lifelong hepatitis B infection, and that you receive appropriate follow up care.  Can I breastfeed my baby if I have hepatitis B? The benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the potential risk of infection, which is minimal. In addition, since it is recommended that all infants be vaccinated against hepatitis B at birth, any potential risk is further reduced. There is data that shows that tenofovir, which may be prescribed to manage hepatitis B, is safe for breastfeeding women.

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/japanese/pregnancy/
• Purchase a Raffle ticket to Benefit the Hepatitis B Foundation and WIN a 7-Day Cruise for Two!

  Raffle to Benefit the Hepatitis B Foundation Friday, April 27th at 6:30 pm the Hepatitis B Foundation  is hosting it's signature fund raising event of the year at the PineCrest Country Club in Landsdale, Pennsylvania. It will be a wonderful evening filled with fine dining, dancing, and a silent and live auction. On that evening HBF is proud to honor Dr. Howard Koh, the Assistant Secretary for the United Sates Health and Human Services (HHS), with the inaugural Baruch S. Blumberg Prize for his leadership in creating the first HHS Action Plan for Viral Hepatitis. We know not everyone can make it to Landsdale on the evening of April 27th, but we do hope you will show your support and purchase a raffle ticket to benefit the Hepatitis B Foundation and possibly WIN a 7 day, 5-star cruise for 2! The good news is that you do not need to be present to win. Check out the details about the cruise.... 7 DAY CRUISE FOR TWO!! Choice of Destination: Alaska, the Caribbean, Mexico or Canada/New England $100 per Raffle Ticket Valued up to $3,300!! Drawing at CRYSTAL BALL, April 27, 2012 (Winner does not need to be present)     When you step aboard one of the five-star ships of Holland America Line, you will experience a voyage unlike any other. You can choose any cruise for two (same stateroom) up to seven days in length (based on minimum ocean view stateroom) to Alaska, the Caribbean, Mexico or Canada/New England. Your journey will include extraordinary dining, spacious staterooms, elegant surroundings and days filled with new discoveries and gracious pampering by an award-wining crew. You can choose to partake in as many – or as few – activities as you wish, from the renowned Greenhouse Spa and Salon, to cooking demonstrations and wine tasting in the Culinary Arts Center, and much more. Or simply relax and enjoy the spectacular scenery from the beautiful wrap-around teak deck. The certificate has no expiration date. The certificate may be applied to other cabin

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/purchase-a-raffle-ticket-to-benefit-the-hepatitis-b-foundation-and-win-a-7-day-cruise-for-two/
• Hepatitis Health Action Alert: Stop the Attacks on Prevention and Public Health Fund

  Action Alert! The Hepatitis Community Responds to Health Care Reform. Tell Congress Not To Cut The Prevention and Public Health Fund The Prevention and Public Health Fund is under attack in Congress once again. Some leaders in the House of Representatives would like to make drastic cuts to the Fund as part of negotiations on a long-term deal on the payroll tax cut and Medicare payments rates to medical providers. The Prevention and Public Health Fund, part of the Affordable Care Act, provides money each year for vital prevention and public health services. The fund will grow each year until it eventually provides $2 billion/year. This fund is extremely important to the nation’s fight against the viral hepatitis epidemic. Later this year, the Department of Health and Human Services is expected to allocate $10 million from the Fund for viral hepatitis screening, testing, and education programs. This initiative will greatly help efforts to identify the millions of Americans who have chronic hepatitis B or C and link them to care and treatment. Please take a few minutes to call Congress in support of this lifesaving program! What YOU can DO: Please call your U.S. House Representative and two U.S. Senators immediately. We are hearing directly from Congressional staff that phone calls are the most effective form of communication.  Call the Capitol Switchboard toll-free at 1-888-876-6242 and ask to be connected to your United States Representative. When you reach your Representative’s office, tell whoever answers the phone that you are a constituent and that you would like to speak to the staff person who handles health care issues. Whether you speak to the staff person live or leave a voicemail, tell him/her: “My name is _______________ and I live in (city/state). I am calling in strong support of the Prevention and Public Health Fund, which is an important part of the Affordable Care Act. This Fund is a great opportunity to provide badly needed funding for viral

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/hepatitis-health-action-alert-stop-the-attacks-on-prevention-and-public-health-fund/
• Donate Your Car to Support the Hepatitis B Foundation

  … most. To donate your car, click here, and follow the instructions.  Thank you!

  http://www.hepb.org/blog/donate-your-car-to-support-the-hepatitis-b-foundation/

•     與 B 型肝炎共存  我會從 B 型肝炎感染痊癒嗎？大多數剛受感染的健康成年人會毫無困難地痊癒。但嬰兒和幼兒可能無法成功地擺脫這種病毒。 • 成年人——90% 的健康成年人會擺脫這種病毒，並且毫無困難地痊癒；10% 會演變為慢性 B 型肝炎。 • 幼兒——多達 50% 的 1-5 歲受感染幼兒會演變為慢性 B 型肝炎感染。• 嬰兒——90% 會演變為慢性感染；只有 10% 能擺脫這種病毒。 「急性」和「慢性」B 型肝炎感染有什麼區別？接觸病毒後最初 6 個月期間的 B 型肝炎感染被認為是「急性」感染。這是從 B 型肝炎感染痊癒的平均時間。 6 個月後，如果您 B 型肝炎病毒檢驗結果仍然呈陽性 (HBsAg+)，則您被認為患有「慢性」B 型肝炎感染，可以持續一生。 如果我患有急性 B 型肝炎，我會生病嗎？B 型肝炎被認為是一種「無聲的感染」，因為通常不會引起任何症狀。大多數人感到健康而且不知道自己已受感染，這表示他們會在不知情的情況下將病毒傳給他人。其他人可能有輕微症狀，比如誤以為由流感導致的發燒、疲勞、關節或肌肉疼痛，或者食慾減退。 不常見但更嚴重的症狀包括嚴重噁心和嘔吐，眼睛和皮膚發黃（稱為「黃疸」）和胃脹——這些症狀需要立即就醫，患者可能需要住院。 我如何知道我已經從「急性」B 型肝炎感染痊癒？一旦您的醫生透過驗血已確認您的體內已擺脫這種病毒，並產生保護性抗體 (HBsAb+)，您就會免於任何未來的 B 型肝炎感染，並且對其他人不再有傳染性。 如果我被診斷出患有慢性 B 型肝炎，我應該怎麼辦？如果您的 B 型肝炎病毒檢驗結果呈陽性超過 6 個月，這表明您患有慢性 B 型肝炎感染。您應該與肝病專家、胃腸科醫師或熟悉 B 型肝炎的家庭醫生預約。醫生會為您驗血，可能還會為您做肝臟超音波檢查，以評估 B 型肝炎病毒在您體內的活躍程度，並觀察您的肝臟健康情況。您的醫生很可能希望每年至少見到您一次或兩次，以監測您的 B 型肝炎，並確定您是否會從治療中改善。 所有慢性感染者無論是否開始治療，都應該至少每年看一次（或更頻繁地）醫生，進行定期的醫療追蹤。即使病毒處於較不活躍的階段，肝臟極少或沒有發生任何損傷，但這會隨時間發生改變，這也正是定期追蹤如此重要的原因。 大多數慢性 B 型肝炎感染者都有望活得健康長久。一旦您被診斷為慢性 B 型肝炎，病毒可能在您的血液和肝臟中終生停留。重要的是要知道，您可能將病毒傳給他人，即使您並不覺得不舒服。所以確保所有親密的家人和性伴侶都接種 B 型肝炎疫苗是很重的。 哪些檢查會用來監測我的 B 型肝炎？醫生用來監測 B 型肝炎的常見檢查包括 B 型肝炎血檢、肝功能檢驗 (ALT、AST)、B 型肝炎病毒 e 抗原 (HBeAg)、B 型肝炎 e 抗體 (HBeAb)、B 型肝炎 DNA 定量（病毒載量）和肝臟造影研究（超音波、FibroScan [暫態彈性造影] 或 CT 掃描）。 慢性 B 型肝炎有治癒的方法嗎？慢性 B 型肝炎目前還沒有治癒的方法，但好消息是，有一些治療方法可以藉由減緩病毒擴散的速度來幫助減緩慢性感染者肝病的進展。如果產生的 B 型肝炎病毒較少，那麼對肝臟的損傷就比較小。有時這些藥物甚至可以擺脫這種病毒，儘管並不常見。 隨著令人振奮的新研究，相信找到慢性 B 型肝炎的治癒方法指日可待。請參閱我們的 Drug Watch，瞭解目前正在研發中的其他具有潛力的藥物。 有任何已批准的藥物來治療慢性 B 型肝炎嗎？目前針對 B 型肝炎的治療分為兩種一般類別：抗病毒藥物和免疫調節劑： 抗病毒藥物——這些藥物可以減緩或阻止 B 型肝炎病毒，進而減少肝臟發炎和造成的損害。這些藥物為丸劑，每天服用一次，療程至少 1 年，通常更久 目前有六種經美國食品和藥物管理局 (FDA) 批准的抗病毒藥物，但是只有三種一線抗病毒藥物是獲得推薦的治療方法：惠立妥（tenofovir disoproxil，商品名 Viread/TDF）、韋立得（tenofovir alafenamide，商品名 Vemlidy/TAF）和貝樂克（entecavir，商品名 Baraclude）。推薦使用一線抗病毒藥物，因為他們更安全也最有效。他們的抗藥性比舊的抗病毒藥物更好，這表示按處方服用時，發生突變和抗藥性的可能性更小。抗藥性增加使得治療和控制病毒更加困難。 免疫調節藥——這些藥物可以增強免疫系統，以幫助控制 B 型肝炎病毒。他們在 6 個月到 1 年的時間裡以注射方式給藥。最常見的處方藥物包括干擾素 alfa-2b (Intron A) 和聚 B 二醇干擾素 (Pegasys)。這是針對同時感染肝炎三角區的患者唯一的推薦治療方法。 這些藥物能為慢性 B 型肝炎提供「治癒的方法」嗎？
雖然他們無法徹底治癒這種病，但目前的藥物會減緩病毒擴散的速度，並降低日後患上更嚴重肝病的風險。患者在幾個月以內會有所改善，這是因為病毒對肝臟的損傷減緩，或者在某些情況下，甚至在長期服用後出現逆轉。抗病毒藥物不能隨意停止和開始，這就是在開始治療慢性 B 型肝炎病毒之前需要由專業醫生進行徹底評估的原因。 如果我患有慢性 B 型肝炎感染，我應該服用藥物嗎？重要的是要瞭解，並非每個慢性 B 型肝炎患者都需要服藥。您應該與您的醫生討論您是否適合藥物療法。無論您和您的醫生決定您是否應該開始治療，您都應該定期去肝臟專科醫生或精通 B 型肝炎治療的醫生處就診。 若患有 B 型肝炎感染，服用草藥或補充劑安全嗎？許多人都有興趣使用草藥或補充劑來增強他們的免疫系統和幫助他們的肝臟。問題在於，生產這些產品的公司並沒有被監管，這表示沒有嚴格的安全或純度檢測。因此，各類草藥或維他命補充劑的產品品質可能不同。另外，有些草藥可能會干擾治療 B 型肝炎或其他病症的處方藥；有些甚至會傷害您的肝臟。這些草藥不會治癒慢性 B 型肝炎。 有許多公司在網路上或者透過社交媒體對他們的產品做誇大不實的廣告。網路上臉書上的宣傳和患者感言可能是假的，用來欺騙人們購買昂貴的草藥和補充劑。記住，如果好得令人難以置信，那麼很可能不是真的。 以下是關於藥草和替代藥物的可靠資訊來源。這些資訊基於科學證據，不是以訛傳訛。檢查您的草藥或補充劑中的有效成分是否是真的，而且對您的肝臟是安全的。最重要的是要保護您的肝臟免受任何額外的損害。 對於那些慢性 B 型肝炎患者，有哪些健康的提示？慢性 B 型肝炎感染患者可能或可能不需要藥物治療。但是，患者可以做很多其他的事情來保護他們的肝臟和增進他們的健康。以下是我們今天可以開始的十大健康選擇的清單！ 安排定期到您的肝臟專科醫生或醫護人員處就診，以掌握您的健康和肝臟的健康情況。 接種 A 型肝炎疫苗，以保護自己遠離對肝臟有害的其他病毒。 避免飲酒和抽菸，因為兩者都會傷害肝臟。 在開始服用任何草藥或維他命補充劑之前，先與您的醫生討論，因為有些藥物可能會干擾您的 B 型肝炎處方藥物，甚至會損害您的肝臟。 向您的藥劑師諮詢任何非處方藥（如：對 B 醯氨基酚、撲熱息痛）或非 B 型肝炎處方藥，之後再服用這些藥物，以確保他們對您的肝臟是安全的，因為很多這些藥物都是經過肝臟處理的。  避免吸入油漆、油漆稀釋劑、膠水、家用清潔產品、去光水以及其他可能損害肝臟的有毒化學物質的氣味。  健康飲食，食用水果、全穀類、魚類和瘦肉以及大量蔬菜。尤其是「十字花科蔬菜」，如包心菜、青花菜、花椰菜等，已被證明有助於保護肝臟對抗環境中的化學物質。  避免食用生的或未煮熟的貝類（如蛤蚌、貽貝、牡蠣、扇貝），因為他們可能會被一種叫做創傷弧菌的細菌污染，這種細菌對肝臟非常有害，可能造成嚴重損傷。 檢查堅果、玉蜀黍、玉米、花生、高粱和小米有無發霉跡象。如果食物儲存在潮濕的環境中，沒有妥善密封，那麼黴菌則更有可能是個問題。如果有黴菌，那麼這些食物可能會被「黃麴黴毒素」污染，這是肝癌的已知風險因素。 藉著吃健康的食物、規律運動和獲得充分的休息來減輕壓力。  記住您吃的、喝的、呼吸的或透過皮膚吸收的每樣東西最終都要由肝臟來過濾。所以，請保護您的肝臟和您的健康！ 如果我有 B 型肝炎，我可以捐血嗎？ 不能。即使您已經從急性感染痊癒，血庫也不會接受任何已接觸過 B 型肝炎的血液。   Living with Hepatitis B  Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection?Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B.  Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus.    What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection?A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime. Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection?Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others.What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B?If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment.All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B?Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B?Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B?Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B?
Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication?It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection?Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tips are there for those living with chronic hepatitis B?People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver.  Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest. Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.  

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/chinese-traditional/living/

• Гепатит Б вирус тээн амьдрах нь  Гепатит Б вирусын халдварыг эдгээх боломжтой юу?Ихэнх эрүүл биетэй насанд хүрэгчид халдвар авсан даруйдаа ямар нэгэн асуудалгүй эдгэрдэг байна. Гэвч нялх хүүхдүүд болон бага насны хүүхдүүд вирусыг эдгээх чадамжгүй байдаг.  Насанд хүрэгчид - Эрүүл саруул насанд хүрэгчдийн 90 хувь нь уг вирусаас ангижрах чадамжтай байдаг бол 10 хувь нь архаг гепатит Б болон хүндэрдэг байна.  Бага насны хүүхдүүд - Халдвар авсан 1-5 нас хүртэлх хүүхдүүдийн 50 хүртэлх хувь нь архаг гепатит Б өвчлөлттэй болдог. Нярай - Дөнгөж төрсөн нярай хүүхдүүдийн 90 хувь нь архаг халдвар болдог бол 10 хувь нь вирусаас ангижирч чаддаг байна. Архаг болон хурц гепатит Б-ийн ялгаа нь юу вэ?Гепатит Б халдвар авсан эхний 6 сар хурц халдварт тооцогдоно. Энэ нь гепатит Б халдвар эдгэрэх боломжтой дундаж хугацаа юм. Хэрвээ 6 сарын дараа ч мөн гепатит Б вирусын шинжилгээгээр эерэг үзүүлэлттэй (HBsAg+) гарсан бол уг халдвар үлдсэн амьдралын тань туршид байх "архаг" гепатит Б-н халдвар болон хүндэрсэнд тооцож болно. Хэрвээ би хурц гепатит Б халдвартай бол өвчлөх үү?Гепатит Б нь ямар нэгэн шинж тэмдэг илэрдэггүй учраас "чимээгүй халдвар"-т тооцогддог. Ихэнх хүмүүс халдвар авсан ч эрүүл чийрэг байдаг тул өөрсдөө ч мэдэлгүй бусаддаа вирусыг дамжуулж байдаг. Ихэнх хүмүүс халуурах, үе болон булчингаар өвдөх, хоолны дуршил буурах шинж тэмдгүүдийн ханиадтай андуурах нь бий. Нийтлэг биш ч ноцтой илэрдэг шинж тэмдгүүд нь дотор муухайрах, бөөлжих, нүд болон арьс шарлах (шарлалт гэдэг) болон гэдэс хөөж томрох юм. Эдгээр шинж тэмдгүүд илэрснээр нэн даруй эмнэлгийн тусламж авчнаар тухайн хүн эмнэлэгт хэвтэх шаардлагатай болдог. Хурц гепатит Б вирус эдгэсэн эсэхийг хэрхэн мэдэх вэ?Хэрвээ эмч таны цусны шинжилгээтэй танилцаж таныг вирусаас ангижирч чадсан, хамгаалах антибоди үүссэн гэж үзсэн бол та цаашид ч гепатит Б-ийн халдвараас айх шаардлагагүй бөгөөд бусдад ч халдварлуулахгүй гэсэн үг юм. Хэрвээ би архаг гепатит Б халдвартай гэж оношлогдсон тохиолдолд юу хийх ёстой вэ?Хэрвээ та гепатит Б вирустай гэж оношлогдсоноос хойш 6 сарын дараа ч шинжилгээгээр эерэг үзүүлэлттэй гарч байгаа бол та архаг халдвар тээгч гэсэн үг. Та элэгний эмч (элэгний мэргэжилтэн) болон хоол боловсруулах эрхтэн судлаач, эсвэл гепатит Б-ийн талаар мэдлэгтэй гэр бүлийн эмчтэй уулзалт товлох хэрэгтэй. Эмч танд цусны шинжилгээг захиалж, магадгүй элгэнд хэт авиан шинжилгээ хийж, гепатит Б вирусын идэвхжлийг хэмжиж, таны элгийг эрүүл байлгахын тулд байнгын хяналт тавьж ажиллана.Таны эмч таны гепатит Б-ийн өвчлөлийн явцыг хянах, мөн таны эмчилгээ үр дүнгээ өгч байгаа эсэхийг хянахын тулд жилд багадаа нэгээс хоёр удаа үзүүлж байхыг зөвлөж болно. Бүхий л архаг халдвар авсан хүмүүс эмчилгээ хийлгэж буй эсэхээс үл хамааран эмнэлгийн тогтмол хяналтанд байхын тулд жилд хамгийн багадаа нэг удаа (эсвэл илүү ойр ойрхон) хариуцсан эмчдээ үзүүлэх хэрэгтэй. Вирус маш бага идэвхжилтэй эсвэл хор хөнөөл үзүүлэхгүй байсан ч цаг хугацааны эрхээр өөрчлөгдөж болох тул хяналт маш чухал. Архаг халдвараар өвчилсөн ихэнх хүмүүс урт удаан хугацаанд эрүүл амьдарч чаддаг.Нэгэнт л та архаг гепатит Б халдвартай нь оношлогдсон бол энэ нь таны амьдралын үлдсэн бүхий л хугацаанд таны цус болон элгэнд байсаар л байна.Та ямарваа нэгэн өвчин мэдрэхгүй байсан ч вирусыг бусдад тараах магадлалтай гэдэгээ мэдэж байх нь чухал. Яагаад чухал вэ гэвэл таны эргэн тойрны хамт амьдарч буй хүмүүс болон секс хамтрагч нар тань вакцинд хамрагдсан байх шаардлагатай болж буйтай холбоотой. Гепатит Б-г ямар шинжилгээгээр хянах вэ?Гепатит Б вирусыг оношлоход эмч нарын нийтлэг хэрэглэдэг үзүүлэлтүүд нь элэгний үндсэн ажиллагааны тест (ALT, AST), гепатит Б e-Антиген (HBeAg), гепатит Б e-Антибоди (HBeAB), гепатит Б-ийн ДНХ-ийн тоо хэмжээг тодорхойлох (вирус тээж буй) болон элэгний бүтцийг ажиглах (хэт авиа, ЭХО болон компьютер томографи) зэрэг юм. Архаг гепатит Б-г бүрэн эмчлэх арга бий юу?Яг одоогийн байдлаар архаг гепатит Б халдварыг бүрэн эмчлэх арга байхгүй ч эмчилгээ хийснээр вирусыг удаашруулж элэгний өвчлөл болох явцыг удаашруулж чадна. Гепатит Б вирус бага байх тусам элгийг гэмтээх аюул бага байна. Зарим тохиолдолд эдгээр эмүүд нь вирусаас ангижруулах нь бий, гэвч энэ нь тийм ч элбэг тохиолдоод байдаггүй. Алхам тутамд хөгжиж буй судалгаа нь бидэнд архаг гепатит Б-г ойрын ирээдүйд бүрэн эмчлэх итгэл найдварыг төрүүлсээр байна. Манай Drug Watch (эмийн жагсаалт) хуудсанд зочилж туршилтын шатанд шалгаж буй үйлчилгээ өндөртэй эмийн жагсаалтуудыг сонирхоорой. Архаг гепатит Б-г эмчлэх зөвшөөрөгдсөн ямар эмүүд байдаг вэ?Одоогийн гепатит Б-ийн эмчилгээнд хэрэглэж буй эмүүдийг вирусын эсрэг болон дархлааны модулятор гэж хоёр ангилж болно. Үүнд: Вирусын эсрэг эмүүд - Эдгээр эмүүд нь гепатит Б вирусыг удаашруулж эсвэл тархалтыг зогсоосноор элгийг үрэвсүүлэх болон гэмтээх эрсдлийг бууруулж өгдөг. Эдгээр нь өдөрт нэг ширхэгээр 1 жил болон түүнээс дээш хугацаагаар уух эмүүд байдаг. АНУ-ын ХЭА-нд бүртгэлтэй уг вирусын эсрэг 6 төрлийн эм байдгаас гурвыг нь "нэн тэргүүнд" санал болгодог. Үүнд: тенофовир дисопроксил (Viread/TDF), тенофовир алафенамид (Vemlidy/TAF) болон энтекавир (Baraclude) эмүүд орно. "Нэн тэргүүнд" санал болгож буй уг эмүүд нь хамгийн үр дүнтэй бөгөөд аюулгүй вирусын эсрэг эмүүд юм. Түүнчлэн эдгээр эмүүд нь хуучин вирусын эсрэг эмүүдтэй харьцуулахад илүү өндөр үйлчилгээтэй, өөрөөр хэлбэл жорын дагуу хэрэглэж байгаа тохиолдолд үйлчилгээ нь өөрчлөгдөх, эмийн эсэргүүцэл бий болох магадлал багатай гэсэн үг юм. Эмийн үйлчилгээг эсэргүүцэх нөхцөл бий болох нь вирусыг эмчлэх, хянах боломжийг илүү төвөгтэй болгодог. Дархлааны модулятор эмүүд - Эдгээр эмүүд нь дархлааны системийг дэмжсэнээр гепатит Б вирусыг хянах боломжийг олгодог. Тэдгээр эмүүдийг 6 сараас 1 жил хүртэлх хугацаагаар тариагаар хэрэглэх боломжтой. Хамгийн элбэг хэрэглэгддэг нь интерферон альфа-2b (Intron A) PEG интерферон (Pegasys) нар юм. Энэ нь дельта гепатиттай давхар халдварласан өвчтөнүүдэд санал болгодог цор ганц эмчилгээ юм. Энэ эмүүд нь архаг гепатит Б-г анагаах чадалтай юу?
Эдгээр эмүүд нь архаг гепатит Б-г бүрэн эдгээж чадахгүй ч эдгээр эмчилгээг хийлгэснээр вирусыг удаашруулан яваандаа үүсч болох ноцтой элэгний өвчлөлүүд тусах эрсдэлийг бууруулдаг. Үр дүнд нь вирусын элгийг гэмтээх явцыг удаашруулж, өвчтөн хэдэн сарын дотор биеийн байдал сайжирна. Урт хугацааны турш хэрэглэж байгаа өвчтөнүүдэд зарим тохиолдолд вирусыг таслан зогсоодог байна. Вирусын эсрэг эмүүдийг хэзээ хэрэглэхээ зогсоох, хэрэглэж эхлэхийг шийдэх нь тийм хялбар биш учир хариуцсан эмч тань энэ талын мэдлэг сайтай байх, мөн эмчилгээгээ эхлэхийн эмчээрээ сайтар үзүүлж оношоо зөв тогтоох нь маш чухал. Хэрвээ би архаг гепатит Б халдвартай бол би эмчилгээ хийлгэх шаардлагатай юу?Архаг гепатит Б-ийн халдвартай хүн болгон эмчилгээ хийлгэх шаардлага байдаггүй гэдгийг ойлгох нь маш чухал.Та өөрийн эмчтэйгээ зөвлөлдөж эмийн эмчилгээг сайтар хийж чадах эсэхээ тодорхойлох хэрэгтэй. Та болон таны эмч эмчилгээг эхлэх шийдвэр гаргасан тохиолдолд та элэгний мэргэжилтэн эсвэл гепатит Б вирусын талаар мэдлэгтэй эмчид тогтмол үзүүлж байх нь чухал. Гепатит Б халдварын үеэр ургамлын эмчилгээ хийх нь аюултай юу?Олон хүмүүс ургамлын гаралтай бүтээгдэхүүн болон эрүүл мэндийн нэмэлт бүтээгдэхүүнээр дархлаагаа сэргээснээр элгээ эмчлэх сонирхолтой байдаг. Гэвч гол асуудал нь эдгээр бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийг үйлдвэрлэж буй компаниудад хууль зүйн зохицуулалт байхгүй бөгөөд энэ нь эдгээр бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн эрүүл бөгөөд аюулгүй байдлыг нь туршаагүй гэсэн үг юм. Иймээс ургамлын бүтээгдэхүүнүүд болон нэмэлт витаминуудын чанар нь сав болгонд өөр байх магадлалтай. Түүнчлэн зарим ургамлын гаралтай бүтээгдэхүүнүүд нь таны жороор олгогдсон гепатит Б-н эмүүдтэй харшлах магадлалтай, эсвэл бүр түүнээс дор нөхцлийг үүсгэж элгийг тань гэмтээж ч болно. Эдгээр ургамлын гаралтай бүтээгдэхүүнүүд нь архаг гепатит Б-ийн халдварын үед эмчилгээ болж чадахгүй. Маш олон компаниуд интернэт орчинд нийгмийн сүлжээгээр дамжуулан бүтээгдэхүүнийхээ талаар худал амлалтуудыг тарааж байна. Онлайнаар гаргасан баталгаа болон фэйсбүүк дээрх өвчтөний талархал магтаал нь худлаа бөгөөд эдгээр нь хүмүүсийг хуурч мэхлэн өндөр үнэтэй бүтээгдэхүүнүүд болон нэмэлтүүдийг зарах гэсэн заль мэх юм. Санаж явахад илүүдэхгүй нэг зүйл бол хэт сайн гэж сонссон бол энэ нь худлаа байх магадлал тэр чинээгээр өндөр гэсэн үг. Эмийн ургамал болоод бусад орлуулж болохуйц эмүүдийн талаар бичсэн харьцангуй найдвартай мэдээллийн эх сурвалжуудыг доор жагсаалаа. Эдгээр мэдээллүүд нь шинжлэх ухаанаар батлагдсан бөгөөд худлаа амлалтуудыг агуулаагүй. Таны хэрэглэж буй ургамлын гаралтай бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн идэвхтэй орцууд нь таны элгэнд үнэхээр ач тустай эсэхийг шалгаарай. Хамгийн гол нь элгээ өөр бусад байдлаар гэмтээх болон хор хохирол учруулахгүй байх нь чухал. Архаг гепатит Б-тэй тохиолдолд элгийг эрүүл байлгах арга замууд юу вэ?Архаг гепатит Б халдвартай хүмүүс эмийн эмчилгээг хийх эсвэл хийхгүй байж болно. Гэвч өвчтөн өөрийн элгийг хамгаалж, эрүүл мэндээ сахин хамгаалахын тулд олон зүйлийг хийж чадна. Өнөөдрөөс эхлэн хэрэгжүүлж эхлэх 10 эрүүл сонголтыг доор жагсаалаа. Элгээ эрүүл байлгах, эрүүл мэндээ сахин хамгаалах үүднээс элэгний эмч болон эрүүл мэндийн байгууллагадаа тогтмол үзүүлэх хуваарьтай болох. Гепатит А-ийн вакциныг тариулж өөр вирус таны элгийг гэмтээхээс хамгаалах Архи уух болон тамхи татах нь гепатит Б вирусаас өвчилсөн элгийг тань улам илүү гэмтээж байдаг. Ямар нэгэн ургамлын гаралтай эмчилгээ эсвэл нэмэлт витамин хэрэглэх гэж буй тохиолдолд эмчтэйгээ заавал ярилцаж, таны хэрэглэж буй гепатит Б-ийн эмтэй харшлах эсэхийг нягтлах. Эмийн санчаас жороор олгодоггүй эмүүд эсвэл гепатит Б-ийн жороор (ацетаминофен, парацетамол г.м) эсвэл гепатит Б-ийн бус жороор олгодог эмүүд таны элгээр дамжин боловсруулагдаж байгаа учир хэрэглэхээсээ өмнө таны элгэнд аюулгүй эсэхийг шалгасны үндсэн дээр хэрэглэх нь зүйтэй.  Будаг, будаг шингэлэгч, цавуу, ахуйн цэвэрлэгээний бүтээгдэхүүнүүд, хумсны будаг, будаг арилгагч болон таны элгийг гэмтээж мэдэх химийн найрлагатай хорт бодис үнэрлэхээс зайлсхийх.  Жимс жимсгэнэ, бүхэл үрийн бүтээгдэхүүнүүд болон загас, өөхгүй мах, байцаа зэрэг эрүүл хоолны дэглэм баримтлах. Цэцэгт байцааны төрөл тэр дундаа байцаа, брокколи, цэцэгт байцаанууд нь орчны химийн бодисуудаас элгийг хамгаалдаг.  Түүхий эсвэл шүүрхий нялцгай биетэн (хясаа, дун, эмгэм хумс г.м) хэрэглэхгүй байх. Учир нь эдгээр нь Vibro vulnifivus хэмээх маш хортой элгийг гэмтээх бактераар халдварласан байх магадлал өндөртэй. Түүнчлэн самар, эрдэнэшиш, үр тариа, газрын самар, сорго, будаа зэргийг хэрэглэхээсээ өмнө хөгцөрсөн шинж тэмдэг байгаа эсэхийг шалгах хэрэгтэй. Хөгц нь чийглэг эсвэл буруу битүүмжлэлээс шалтгаалан үүсдэг. Хэрвээ хүнсний бүтээгдэхүүн хөгцөрсөн байвал энэ нь "aflatixin" хэмээх элэгний хорт хавдар үүсгэгч бактераар бохирдсон байх магадлалтай. Хамгийн гол нь аль болох стрессгүй байж, эрүүл хооллож, тогтмол дасгал хөдөлгөөн хийж, хангалттай амрах нь чухал.  Таны идэж, ууж, амьсгалж, арьсандаа түрхэж буй бүхэн элгээр шүүгддэгийг байнга санаж явахад илүүдэхгүй. Тиймээс өөрийн элэг болон эрүүл мэндээ хамгаал! Гепатит Б вирустай тохиолдолд цусаа хандивлаж болох уу? Үгүй. Цусны төв гепатит Б-ээр халдварласан болон хурц халдвараас эдгэсэн цусыг хүлээж авдаггүй. Living with Hepatitis B Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection?Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B.  Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus. What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection?A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime. Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection?Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others. What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B?If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment. All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B?Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B?Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B?Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B?
Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication?It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection?Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tips are there for those living with chronic hepatitis B?People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver.  Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest. Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.  

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/mongolian/living-with-hepatitis-b/

• 与乙型肝炎共存 我会从乙型肝炎感染中恢复吗？大多数刚受感染的健康成年人会毫无问题地恢复。但婴儿和幼儿可能无法成功地消除该病毒。 成年人——90% 的健康成年人会消除该病毒，并毫无问题地恢复；10% 会发展为慢性乙型肝炎。  幼儿——多达 50% 的 1-5 岁受感染幼儿会出现慢性乙型肝炎病毒。 婴儿——90% 会变为慢性感染；仅 10% 将能够消除该病毒。 “急性”和“慢性”乙型肝炎感染有什么区别？接触病毒后最初 6 个月期间的乙型肝炎病毒感染被认为是“急性”感染。这是从乙型肝炎感染中恢复的平均时间。 6 个月后，如果您乙型肝炎病毒测试仍然呈阳性 (HBsAg+)，则您被认为患有“慢性”乙型肝炎感染，它可以持续一生。 如果我患有急性乙型肝炎，我会生病吗？乙型肝炎被认为是一种“无声感染”，因为它通常不引起任何症状。大多数人感到健康而且不知道自己已受感染，这意味着他们会不知不觉地将病毒传给它人。其他人可能有轻微症状，比如误以为由流感导致的发烧、疲劳、关节或肌肉疼痛，或者食欲减退。 不常见但更严重的症状包括严重恶心和呕吐，眼睛和皮肤发黄（称为“黄疸”）和胃部肿胀——这些症状需要立即就医，患者可能需要住院。 当我已从“急性”乙型肝炎感染中恢复，我会如何知道？一旦您的医生通过验血已确认您已从体内消除病毒，并产生保护性抗体 (HBsAb+)，您就会免于任何未来的乙型肝炎感染，并且不再对其他人有传染性。 如果我被诊断出患有慢性乙型肝炎，我应该怎么办？如果您乙型肝炎病毒测试呈阳性长于 6 个月，这表明您患有慢性乙型肝炎感染。您应该与熟悉乙型肝炎的肝脏病学家（肝脏专家）、胃肠病医师或家庭医生预约。医生会嘱咐验血，可能还会嘱咐去做肝脏超声波检查，以评估乙型肝炎病毒在您体内的活跃程度，并监测您的肝脏的健康。您的医生很可能希望每年至少见到您一次或两次，以监测您的乙型肝炎，并确定您是否会从治疗中获益。 所有慢性感染者都应该至少一年看一次（或更频繁地）医生，进行常规的医疗随访护理，无论他们是否开始治疗。即使病毒处于较不活跃的阶段，极少或没有发生任何损伤，但这会随时间发生改变，这也正是定期监测是如此重要的缘由。 大多数慢性乙型肝炎感染者有望活得健康长久。一旦您被诊断为慢性乙型肝炎，病毒可能在您的血液和肝脏中终生停留。重要的是要知道您可以将病毒传给他人，即使您未感觉不舒服。这就是您要确保所有亲密的家庭接触者和性伴侣都接种乙型肝炎疫苗是如此重要的缘由。 哪些测试会用来监测我的乙型肝炎？医生用来监测乙型肝炎的常见测试包括乙型肝炎血检、肝功能测试（ALT、AST）、乙型肝炎病毒 e 抗原 (HBeAg)、乙型肝炎 e 抗体 (HBeAb)、乙型肝炎 DNA 定量（病毒载量）和肝脏成像研究（超声、FibroScan [瞬时弹性成像] 或 CT 扫描）。 有针对慢性乙型肝炎的治愈方法吗？目前还没有针对慢性乙型肝炎的治愈方法，但好消息是，一些治疗方法可以通过使病毒减速来帮助减缓慢性感染者的肝病进展。如果产生的乙型肝炎病毒较少，那么对肝脏的损伤就会较少。有时这些药物甚至可以清除病毒，尽管这不常见。 凭着所有令人振奋的新研究，有很大希望在不久的将来找到慢性乙型肝炎的治愈方法。访问我们的 Drug Watch（药品观察 获取研发中的其他有前景药物的清单。 有任何已批准的药物来治疗慢性乙型肝炎吗？目前针对乙型肝炎的治疗分为两种一般类别：抗病毒药物和免疫调节剂： 抗病毒药物——这些药物可以减缓或阻止乙型肝炎病毒，从而减少肝脏炎症和损伤。这些药物为丸剂，每天服用一次，疗程至少 1 年，通常更久。目前有 6 种经美国 FDA 批准的抗病毒药物，但是只有三种一线抗病毒药物是获得推荐的治疗方法：替诺福韦酯（Viread/TDF）、替诺福韦艾拉酚胺（Vemlidy/TAF）和恩替卡韦（Baraclude）。推荐使用一线抗病毒药物，因为它们更安全、最有效。与旧的抗病毒药物相比，它们还具有更好的耐药性，这意味着当它们按规定服用时，发生突变和耐药性的可能性更小。耐药性增加使得治疗和控制病毒更加困难。 免疫调节药——这些药物可以增强免疫系统，以帮助控制乙型肝炎病毒。它们在 6 个月至 1 年的时间里以注射方式给药。最常见的处方药物包括干扰素 alfa-2b (Intron A) 和聚乙二醇干扰素 (Pegasys)。这是对同时感染肝炎三角区的患者的唯一推荐治疗方法。 这些药物为慢性乙型肝炎提供了“治愈方法”吗？
虽然它们不能提供彻底治愈，但目前的药物会使病毒减速，并降低日后患上更严重肝病的风险。这导致病人在数月内感觉良好，这是因为病毒对肝脏的损伤有所减缓，或者经长期服用后甚至在某些情况下出现逆转。抗病毒药物不能随意停止和开始，这就是在开始治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 之前需要由知识渊博的医生进行彻底评估是如此重要的缘由。 如果我患有慢性乙型肝炎感染，我应该服用药物吗？重要的是要了解并非每位慢性乙型肝炎患者都需要服药。您应该与您的医生谈谈您是否是药物疗法的良好候选人。无论您和您的医生决定您是否应该开始治疗，您都应该定期去肝脏专家或在乙型肝炎方面知识渊博的医生处看诊。 针对我的乙型肝炎感染，服用草药或补充剂安全吗？许多人都有兴趣使用草药或补充剂来增强他们的免疫系统和帮助他们的肝脏。问题在于，没有对生产这些产品的公司进行监管，这意味着没有严格的安全性或纯度检测。因此，瓶与瓶之间的草药或维生素补充剂的质量可能不同。另外，有些草药可能会干扰您用于治疗乙型肝炎或其他病情的处方药；甚至有些实际上会损伤您的肝脏。这些草药不会治愈慢性乙型肝炎感染。 有许多公司在互联网上和通过社交媒体对他们的产品做出虚假承诺。Facebook 上的在线索赔和患者感言是假的，并被用来欺骗人们购买昂贵的草药和补充剂。记住，如果它好得令人难以置信，那么它很可能不是真的。以下是关于药草和替代药物的可靠信息来源。这些信息基于科学证据，而不是虚假承诺。检查您的草药或补充剂中的活性成分是否是真实的并且对您的肝脏安全。最重要的事是要保护您的肝脏免受任何额外伤害或损伤。 对于那些慢性乙型肝炎患者，有哪些健康的肝脏提示？慢性乙型肝炎感染患者可能需要或可能不需要药物治疗。但是，患者可以做很多其他的事情来保护他们的肝脏和改善他们的健康。以下是我们可以从今天开始的十大健康选择的列表！ 安排与您的肝脏专家或卫生保健提供者的定期就诊，以掌握您的健康和您肝脏的健康情况。 接种甲肝疫苗，以保护自己远离攻击肝脏的其他病毒。 避免饮酒和吸烟，因为两者都会伤害您已经受到乙型肝炎病毒损伤的肝脏。 在开始服用任何草药或维生素补充剂之前，先与您的医生谈谈，因为有些药物可能会干扰您的乙型肝炎处方药物，甚至损伤您的肝脏。 向您的药剂师咨询任何非处方药（如：对乙酰氨基酚、扑热息痛）或非乙型肝炎处方药，之后再服用这些药物，以确保它们对您的肝脏是安全的，因为这些药物许多是通过肝脏处理的。  避免吸入油漆、油漆稀释剂、胶水、家用清洁产品、洗甲水以及其他可能损伤您肝脏的有毒化学物质散发的气味。  健康饮食，食用水果、全谷类、鱼和瘦肉，以及大量蔬菜。尤其是“十字花科蔬菜”——卷心菜、花椰菜、菜花——已被证明有助于保护肝脏对抗周围的化学物质。  避免食用生的或未煮熟的贝类（如蛤蚌、贻贝、牡蛎、扇贝），因为它们可能会被一种叫做创伤弧菌的细菌污染，这种细菌对肝脏非常有害，可能造成巨大损伤。 检查坚果、玉蜀黍、玉米、花生、高粱和小米有无发霉迹象，之后再食用。如果食物储存在潮湿的环境中，并且没有妥善密封，那么霉菌则更有可能是个问题。如果有霉菌，那么这些食物可能会被“黄曲霉毒素”污染，这是已知的肝癌风险因素。 通过吃健康的食物、定期锻炼和获得充足的休息来减轻您的压力。  记住您吃的、喝的、呼吸的、或者通过皮肤吸收的每样东西最终都会由肝脏来过滤。所以，请保护您的肝脏和您的健康！ 如果我有乙型肝炎，我可以献血吗？ 不能。即使您已经从急性感染中恢复，血库也不会接受任何已接触过乙型肝炎的血液。 Living with Hepatitis B Will I recover from a hepatitis B infection?Most healthy adults who are newly infected will recover without any problems. But babies and young children may not be able to successfully get rid of the virus. Adults – 90% of healthy adults will get rid of the virus and recover without any problems; 10% will develop chronic hepatitis B.  Young Children – Up to 50% of young children between 1 and 5 years who are infected will develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Infants – 90% will become chronically infected; only 10% will be able to get rid of the virus. What is the difference between an "acute" and a "chronic" hepatitis B infection?A hepatitis B infection is considered to be “acute” during the first 6 months after being exposed to the virus. This is the average amount of time it takes to recover from a hepatitis B infection. If you still test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg+) after 6 months, you are considered to have a "chronic" hepatitis B infection, which can last a lifetime. Will I become sick if I have acute hepatitis B?Hepatitis B is considered a "silent infection” because it often does not cause any symptoms. Most people feel healthy and do not know they have been infected, which means they can unknowingly pass the virus on to others. Other people may have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, joint or muscle pain, or loss of appetite that are mistaken for the flu. Less common but more serious symptoms include severe nausea and vomiting, yellow eyes and skin (called “jaundice”), and a swollen stomach - these symptoms require immediate medical attention and a person may need to be hospitalized. How will I know when I have recovered from an "acute" hepatitis B infection?Once your doctor has confirmed through a blood test that you have gotten rid of the virus from your body and developed the protective antibodies (HBsAb+), you will be protected from any future hepatitis B infection and are no longer contagious to others. What should I do if I am diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B?If you test positive for the hepatitis B virus for longer than 6 months, this indicates that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection. You should make an appointment with a hepatologist (liver specialist), gastroenterologist, or family doctor who is familiar with hepatitis B. The doctor will order blood tests and possibly a liver ultrasound to evaluate how active the hepatitis B virus is in your body, and to monitor the health of your liver. Your doctor will probably want to see you at least once or twice a year to monitor your hepatitis B and determine if you would benefit from treatment.All chronically infected people should be seen by their doctor at least once a year (or more frequently) for regular medical follow-up care, whether they start treatment or not. Even if the virus is in a less active phase with little or no damage occurring, this can change with time, which is why regular monitoring is so important. Most people chronically infected with hepatitis B can expect to live long, healthy lives. Once you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, the virus may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime. It is important to know that you can pass the virus along to others, even if you don’t feel sick. This is why it’s so important that you make sure that all close household contacts and sex partners are vaccinated against hepatitis B. What tests will be used to monitor my hepatitis B?Common tests used by doctors to monitor your hepatitis B include the hepatitis B blood panel, liver function tests (ALT, AST), hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e-Antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B DNA quantification (viral load), and an imaging study of the liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Is there a cure for chronic hepatitis B?Right now, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but the good news is there are treatments that can help slow the progression of liver disease in chronically infected persons by slowing down the virus. If there is less hepatitis B virus being produced, then there is less damage being done to the liver. Sometimes these drugs can even get rid of the virus, although this is not common. With all of the new exciting research, there is great hope that a cure will be found for chronic hepatitis B in the near future. Visit our Drug Watch for a list of other promising drugs in development. Are there any approved drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B?Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories, antivirals and immune modulators: Antiviral Drugs - These are drugs that slow down or stop the hepatitis B virus, which reduces the inflammation and damage to the liver. These are taken as a pill once a day for at least 1 year, usually longer. There are 6 U.S. FDA approved antivirals, but only three first-line antivirals are recommended treatments: tenofovir disoproxil (Viread/TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy/TAF) and Entecavir (Baraclude). First-line antivirals are recommended because they are safer and most effective. They also have a better resistance profile than older antivirals, which means that when they are taken as prescribed, there is less chance of mutation and resistance. Building resistance makes it harder to treat and control the virus. Immunomodulator Drugs - These are drugs that boost the immune system to help control the hepatitis B virus. They are given as injections over 6 months to 1 year. The most commonly prescribed include interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and pegylated interferon (Pegasys). This is the only recommended treatment for patients coinfected with hepatitis delta. Do these drugs provide a “cure” for chronic hepatitis B?
Although they do not provide a complete cure, current medications will slow down the virus and decrease the risk of more serious liver disease later in life. This results in patients feeling better within a few months because liver damage from the virus is slowed down, or even reversed in some cases, when taken long-term. Antivirals are not meant to be stopped and started, which is why a thorough evaluation by a knowledgeable doctor is so important before beginning treatment for chronic HBV. If I have a chronic hepatitis B infection, should I be on medication?It is important to understand that not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. You should talk to your doctor about whether you are a good candidate for drug therapy. Whether you and your doctor decide you should start treatment or not, you should be seen regularly by a liver specialist or a doctor knowledgeable about hepatitis B. Is it safe to take herbal remedies or supplements for my hepatitis B infection? Many people are interested in using herbal remedies or supplements to boost their immune systems and help their livers. The problem is that there is no regulation of companies manufacturing these produces, which means there is no rigorous testing for safety or purity. So, the quality of the herbal remedy or vitamin supplement may be different from bottle to bottle. Also, some herbal remedies could interfere with your prescription drugs for hepatitis B or other conditions; some can even actually damage your liver. These herbal remedies will not cure a chronic hepatitis B infection. There are many companies that make false promises on the Internet and through social media about their products. Online claims and patient testimonials on Facebook are fake and are used to trick people into buying expensive herbal remedies and supplements. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, then it’s probably not true. Below are reliable sources of information about herbs and alternative medicines. This information is based on scientific evidence, not false promises. Check whether the active ingredients in your herbal remedies or supplements are real and safe for your liver. The most important thing is to protect your liver from any additional injury or harm. What healthy liver tips are there for those living with chronic hepatitis B?People living with chronic hepatitis B infection may or may not need drug treatment. But there are many other things patients can do to protect their liver and improve their health. Below is our list of the top 10 healthy choices that can be started today! Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist or health care provider to stay on top of your health and the health of your liver. Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself from another virus that attacks the liver. Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both will hurt your liver, which is already being injured by the hepatitis B virus. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or vitamin supplements because some could interfere with your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your liver. Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to make sure they are safe for your liver since many of these drugs are processed through your liver.  Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue, household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your liver.  Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular -- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect the liver against environmental chemicals.  Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver and could cause a lot of damage. Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut, sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for liver cancer. Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and getting plenty of rest. Keep in mind everything you eat, drink, breathe, or absorb through the skin is eventually filtered by the liver. So, protect your liver and your health! Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? No. The blood bank will not accept any blood that has been exposed to hepatitis B, even if you have recovered from an acute infection.  

  https://www.hepb.org/languages/chinese-simplified/livingwithhepb/