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  • Hepatitis Delta: Flying Under the Radar in the U.S.

    … S. C., Morse, L. J., Ukena, T., et al. (1987). Outbreak of severe hepatitis due to delta and hepatitis B viruses in parenteral drug abusers and their contacts. N Engl J Med, 317(20), 1256-1262. 4. The City of New York. (2016). Hepatitis D and E and other suspected infectious viral hepatitides reporting. Retrieved from http://rules.cityofnewyork.us/tags/reportable-diseases. 5. Martins, E and Glenn, J. Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) Infection in the United States: Results from an ICD-10 Review. Poster Sa1486 DDW May 2017. 6. Lauren M. Kucirka, Homayoon Farzadegan, Jordan J. Feld, Shruti H. Mehta, Mark Winters, Jeffrey S. Glenn, Gregory D. Kirk, Dorry L. Segev, Kenrad E. Nelson, Morgan Marks, Theo Heller, Elizabeth T. Golub, Prevalence, Correlates, and Viral Dynamics of Hepatitis Delta among Injection Drug Users, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 202, Issue 6, 15 September 2010, Pages 845–852. 7. Kushner, T., Serper, M., & Kaplan, D. E. (2015). Delta hepatitis within the veterans affairs medical system in the United States: Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. 8. Gish, Robert & Yi, Debbie & Kane, Steve & Clark, Margaret & Mangahas, Michael & Baqai, Sumbella & A Winters, Mark & Proudfoot, James & Glenn, Jeffrey. (2013). Coinfection with Hepatitis B and D: Epidemiology, Prevalence and Disease in Patients in Northern California. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 28. 10.1111/jgh.12217

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/hepatitis-delta-flying-radar-u-s/
  • Where Can I Order Hepatitis Delta Testing?

    By Sierra Pellechio, BS, CHES, Hepatitis Delta Connect Program Manager Historically, testing for hepatitis delta has been difficult to access and often not commercially available. With the rise in awareness about hepatitis B and delta coinfection, more tests are beginning to be offered by multiple labs for clinicians in the United States looking to test their patients. Because hepatitis delta can only infect people who also have hepatitis B, the Hepatitis B Foundation’s medical director and leading hepatologist Dr. Robert Gish recommends testing all hepatitis B patients for hepatitis delta. “Screening all hepatitis B patients will allow a better understanding of hepatitis delta prevalence and its impact on outcomes and will identify patients who can be offered treatment within or outside clinical trials.” The first step in diagnosing an infection is the HDV antibody total (anti-HDV) test. Patients who have recovered from or are currently infected will be positive for the anti-HDV and will present high titers in later stages of acute infection and persist in cases of chronic infection. If the HDV antibody total test is positive, it should be followed by the HDV RNA (PCR) test to confirm an active infection. If this test is negative, a current infection is unlikely. Testing hepatitis B patients for hepatitis delta is important because when people with hepatitis B are exposed to the hepatitis delta virus, 90% will develop a chronic infection1. Coinfection will alter treatment and management plans, because antivirals effective on hepatitis B do not control hepatitis delta2. While the standard treatment of interferon is less than 30% effective in controlling coinfection, there are new drugs in development. With two of these drugs set to enter phase 3 clinical trials in 2019, it is more important than ever to identify coinfected patients and connect patients into clinical trials. Until recently, only the anti-HDV test was widely available in the United States. In

    https://www.hepb.org/blog/can-order-hepatitis-d-testing/
  • Nearly 1 in 4 Romanians with Hepatitis B also Infected with Hepatitis D

      By Sierra Pellechio, Hepatitis Delta Connect Coordinator Since the 1990’s most of Eastern Europe has seen a decline in the prevalence of hepatitis D, a dangerous coinfection of hepatitis B, attributed to successful vaccination programs and government prioritization. Romania, which has the highest hepatitis B prevalence in the EU, has not seen such declines of hepatitis D, which affects 23% of its hepatitis B patients. Hepatitis D coinfection is considered hyperendemic to the country, and has some of the highest rates of coinfection globally1. Seventy percent of these 200,000 patients will progress to cirrhosis, often within only 10  years2, and face barriers to receiving effective treatment and management. Although the country enacted a national hepatitis B vaccination program for all newborns in 1995 and a catch-up program for school-age children in 1999, older populations already infected with hepatitis B and inadequately immunized young people represent susceptible groups for coinfection with hepatitis B and disease.1,3. Additionally; lack of hepatitis B vaccination recommendations for high risk groups, low implementation of hepatitis B screening during pregnancy, supply shortages and vaccine hesitancy, have created opportunities for hepatitis B and D transmission. Exposure to infected blood or sexual fluids through blood transfusions or surgeries (before the 1990’s), tattoos, piercings, injection drug use, or sexual contact with an infected person, can expose people already living with hepatitis B to hepatitis D, or expose those who have not received the full hepatitis B vaccine series to both viruses. Control of hepatitis B and D coinfection has also been hindered by the lack of a national registry and surveillance system thus preventing an understanding of the accurate prevalence and public health burden1. With health expenditure and life expectancy the lowest in the EU, Romania is battling large system-wide failures that have fostered the

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/nearly-1-4-romanians-hepatitis-b-also-infected-hepatitis-d/
  • Where is Hepatitis D? High Prevalence of Hepatitis B/D Coinfection in Central Africa

    By Sierra Pellechio, Hepatitis Delta Connect Coordinator While hepatitis B is known to be highly endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and is estimated to affect 5-20% of the general population, the burden of hepatitis D, a dangerous coinfection of hepatitis B, has largely been left undescribed. Since the virus’s discovery 40 years ago, Africa has faced structural barriers that have contributed to the ongoing prevalence of the virus in this region. Widespread instability, under-resourced health systems, and poor surveillance have contributed to inadequate research and a lack of understanding about the health burden of hepatitis D on hepatitis B patients, particularly in Central Africa. New data, however, reveals pockets of hepatitis B/D coinfection in this region, particularly in countries such as Cameroon, Central African Republic and Gabon. In a recently published study of nearly 2,000 hepatitis B infected blood samples from 2010-2016 in Cameroon, 46.7% tested positive for hepatitis D antibodies, a marker of past or current hepatitis D coinfection. Another study of 233 chronic hepatitis B carriers from 2008-2009 found a 17.6% positivity for hepatitis D antibodies. Other small studies from the Central African Republic have revealed 68.2% prevalence in hepatitis B patients, 50% coinfection in liver cancer patients and an 18.8% coinfection in hepatitis B infected pregnant women. Not only are new studies revealing evidence that there are groups at higher risk for hepatitis D, but a 2008 study on 124 community members in Gabon found 66% of them had markers for hepatitis D, proving this virus can also be circulating in the general population. Globally, hepatitis D is thought to affect about 5-10% of hepatitis B patients, making Central Africa an area of extremely high prevalence. A diagnosis with hepatitis B and D can increase the risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer by nearly three times, and with only one available treatment, the future for coinfected patients if often

    http://www.hepb.org/blog/hepatitis-d-high-prevalence-hepatitis-bd-coinfection-central-africa/
  • Hepatitis Delta: Coinfection vs. Superinfection

    By Sierra Pellechio, Hepatitis Delta Connect Coordinator Hepatitis delta is an aggressive form of hepatitis that can only exist alongside hepatitis B. This means that all hepatitis B patients are at risk for hepatitis delta, but so are people who have not received the hepatitis B vaccination series. If contracted, 70-90% of people with chronic hepatitis B will go on to also develop a chronic hepatitis delta infection – called a “superinfection”. Approximately 70% of these cases will progress to cirrhosis (liver scarring), compared to 15-30% of those infected only with the hepatitis B virus. Due to the likelihood of liver complications, hepatitis B patients should be aware of potential exposures to hepatitis delta. The virus is spread the same way as hepatitis B, through direct blood-to-blood contact and unprotected sex with an infected person. It is important to be aware that blood contact could also occur by exposure to unsafe blood transfusions, unsterile medical or dental equipment, and the sharing of razors or toothbrushes with an infected person due to the possibility of infected blood entering the body. People who are not infected with hepatitis B may be at risk for “coinfection”, when someone contracts hepatitis B and delta simultaneously during one exposure. In these cases, greater than 90% of adults will clear both infections and develop protective antibodies. While a co-infection generally resolves spontaneously after about 6 months, it can sometimes result in a life-threatening or fatal liver failure. The good news is that the hepatitis B vaccine series can prevent both viruses in people who are not already infected. Once completed, the vaccine can provide a lifetime of protection! For more information about hepatitis B/delta coinfection, please visit www.hepdconnect.org or email us at connect@hepdconnect.org.

    https://www.hepb.org/blog/hepatitis-d-coinfection-vs-superinfection/
  • B the Change Advocacy Challenge

    Please join us and B The Change during our week of action leading up to and including World Hepatitis Day. By joining our Advocacy Challenge, you will bring needed attention to hepatitis B and the challenges faced by those with hep B.  You can participate and be entered for a chance to win a $50 gift card!  *Submit this form no later than Thursday, July 29th to confirm your participation in the advocacy challenge and be eligible for the gift card drawing. Six winners will be selected and notified by HBF staff the week of August 2nd. If you have any questions, please email us at advocate@hepb.org. Below is a list of steps you can take to B The Change: 1. If you were not able to attend our kick-off call, you can watch the video here.  2. Sign Up for the B The Change Action Center here.  3. Share the B The Change Action Center on your social media. Use the hashtags #HepBUnite and #BTheChange and tag us at @hepbfoundation and @hepbunited.  4. Register for the Universal Hepatitis B Screening Webinar.  5. Pledge to help advance universal adult hepatitis B vaccination (U.S. only).  6. Post a photo from a previous World Hepatitis Day event you participated in. Use the hashtags #HepUnite and #BTheChange and tag us at @hepbfoundation and @hepbunited. 7. Create a post using the B Informed Social Media Toolkit. Use the hashtags #HepBUnite and #BTheChange and tag us at @hepbfoundation and @hepbunited. 8. Share hepatitis B policy priorities with your members of Congress. Take action here (U.S. only).  9. What's YOUR reason to B The Change? Let us know! Help us spread the word by commenting on our social media posts that ask this question on Wednesday, July 28th. Comments help to increase our reach so that more people see our posts and we can get the word out about hep b.   Thank you for being an advocate and caring about the nearly 300 million people living with hepatitis B today. Congratulations on being the change! In addition to your amazing acts of advocacy, please consider making a donation to our Find Your Why for World Hepatitis Day fundraiser. Your donation will help fund the life-changing work that is made possible at the Hepatitis B Foundation and Blumberg Institute. Please donate here.    UPDATE: For World Hepatitis Day this year, we received over 100 entries into our B the Change Advocacy Challenge – a virtual week of action led by the Hepatitis B Foundation and Hep B United. Advocates from around the world participated by attending the Week of Action Kick-off Call, signing up for the B the Change Action Center and sharing it with their networks, posting hepatitis B information and resources on social media using the B Informed Social Media Toolkit, and supporting other World Hepatitis Day campaigns online. Dozens of advocates in the U.S. pledged to show their support for universal adult hepatitis B vaccination and emailed Members of Congress to educate them about key hepatitis B stats and policy priorities. Overall, the B the Change Advocacy Challenge generated more than 26,000 social media impressions. Thank you to everyone who participated, and congratulations to the six gift card winners from Bulgaria, Cameroon, South Sudan, and the United States.  

    https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/b-the-change-advocacy-challenge/
  • Awards

    Hepatitis B Foundation Award History *Denotes deceased honoree Blumberg Prize (Established in 2012) 2022 - Stephan Urban, PhD - Heidelberg University Hospital (hepatitis delta) Watch his presentation here.  2021 – Wenhui Li, PhD - National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (HBV) 2020 – John Taylor, PhD – Fox Chase Cancer Center (hepatitis delta) 2019 – Christoph Seeger, PhD – Fox Chase Cancer Center (HBV) 2018 – *Prof DS Chen, MD – Academia Sinica (Taiwan’s National Academy)  (HBV) 2017 – Mario Rizetto, PhD – Italy (hepatitis delta) 2016 – *Bud Tennant, PhD – Cornell U. (HBV)  2015 – Eugene Schiff, MD – U. Miami (HBV clinician) 2014 – *Thomas Starzl , MD, PhD – U. Pittsburgh (1st liver transplantation) 2013 – Robert Purcell, PhD – NIH (HAV, HBV) 2012 (Inaugural) – Howard Koh, MD – Assistant Sec. of Health at HHS (HBV advocate) 2011 – 20th Anniversary with Tribute to Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg (he passed April 2011) 2010 – *R. Palmer Beasley, MD – Baylor U., TX (HBV and HCC link) 2009 – Brian McMahon, MD – Alaska/CDC (HBV clinician and AASLD Guidelines) 2008 – Anna Lok, MD – U. Michigan (HBV clinician and AASLD Guidelines 2007 - Francis V. Chisari, MD, The Scripps Research Institute2006 - Raymond F. Schinazi, PhD, Emory University 2003 - Jay Hoofnagle, MD, National Institutes of Health 2000 - Harvey J. Alter, MD, National Institutes of Health 1999 - William S. Mason, PhD, Fox Chase Cancer Center            Jesse Summers, PhD, University of New Mexico             Hie-Won Hann, MD, Thomas Jefferson University 1998 - *W. Thomas London, MD, Fox Chase Cancer Center 1997 - Raymond Dwek, D. Phil, FRS, University of Oxford Community Commitment Award (Inaugurated in 2011) 2022 - Su Wang, MD, PhD 2021 - Rev. Jason Crum Escalera 2020 – Susana Guigere, Esq. 2019 – Paula Wong 2018 – Fred Beans 2017 - Marvin and Dee Ann Woodall 2016 – Renold Capocasale 2015 – Bruce and Cynthia Maryanoff 2014 – Jim and Teri Holton 2013 – Debbie Wagner 2012 – Bridget Wingert 2011 – Brad Segall Distinguished Leadership Award 2000 - Deborah Wexler, MD, Immunization Action Coalition 1998 - *Joshua Feldstein, PhD, Delaware Valley College 1997 - Harvey Rich, CPA, Rich, Gelwarg, Lampf Associates 1997 - Nat Brown, MD, GlaxoWellcome Founders’ Award 2005 – *Bill Stephenson, PhD, Vice-Provost for Research, Drexel U.  2004 – PA Governor Mark Schweiker 2002 – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (accepted by Mark Kane, MD, MPH) 2001 – *Baruch S. Blumberg, MD, PhD, Nobel Prize Winner 2000 - Timothy M. Block, PhD, Jefferson Medical College 1999 – Paul and Janine Witte, Originetics 1998 - Connelly Foundation – Mrs. Josephine C. Mandeville, President                                                Lewis Bluemle, MD, Vice-President 1997 - Joseph S. Gonnella, MD, Jefferson Medical College Distinguished Public Service Award 2000 - *Pa. State Senator Richard A. Tilghman 1999 - Pa. State Senator Joe Conti 1998 - *U.S. Senator Arlen Specter 1997 - U.S. Congressman James Greenwood   Special Commendation 1999 - Mr. Alan Brownstein, President, American Liver Foundation   Bruce Witte Lecture (Established by Paul and Janine Witte in 2000) 2020 – Marion Peters, MD (U California, San Fran) 2019 – John C. Martin, PhD (Retired CEO, Gilead) 2018 - Dennis Liotta, PhD (Emory U, Georgia) 2017 – James Ou, MD, PhD (Keck School of Medicine, U Southern California) 2016 - Antonio Bertolleti, MD (Duke-National University of Singapore) 2015 - Hashem El Serag, MD, MPH (Baylor College of Medicine, Texas) 2014 - Charles Rice, PhD (Rockefeller U., New York) 2013 - Jorge Marrero, MD (UT Southwestern, Texas) 2012 - Snorri S.Thorgeirsson, MD, PhD (NCI/NIH, Wash DC) 2011 – Adrian DiBisceglie, MD (St. Louis Med U, Missouri) 2010 - T. Jake Liang, MD  (NIDDK/NIH, Wash DC) 2009 - Stephen Locarnini, MD, PhD (Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Australia) 2008 - Rafi Ahmed, PhD (Emory U, Georgia) 2007 - Stanley M. Lemon, MD (U of Texas Medical Branch) 2006 - John M. Taylor, PhD (Fox Chase Cancer Center, Phila) 2005 - *T.S. Benedict Yen, MD, PhD (U of California, San Fran) 2004 - *Emmet Keeffe, MD (U of California, San Fran) 2003 – None 2002 – Frank Chisari, MD (Scripps Research Institute, California) 2001 – *John Gerin, PhD (Georgetown U, Wash DC) 2000 – Raymond Schinazi, PhD (Emory U, Atlanta) – Inaugural Speaker

    https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/awards-and-events/awards/
  • Hepatitis B Foundation Calls for Universal Screening for Hepatitis B

    All Americans should know their status to eliminate public health threat DOYLESTOWN, PA (July 25, 2018) In recognition of World Hepatitis Day on July 28, the Hepatitis B Foundation (HBF) is calling for all Americans to be tested for hepatitis B infection. The formal recommendation was approved by HBF’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board to achieve the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ambitious goal of eliminating hepatitis B by the year 2030. Up to 2.2 million Americans, and more than 292 million people worldwide, are chronically infected with this serious liver disease virus, which can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Because there are often few symptoms, hepatitis B frequently goes undiagnosed, with experts estimating that only 20-30% are aware of their infection. “We are making the recommendation to test all adults for hepatitis B because we believe it is the only way to identify those who need care and reduce deaths due to hepatitis B infection,” explains Timothy Block, PhD, President of the Hepatitis B Foundation and its Baruch S. Blumberg Institute.  “Current guidelines recommend testing for people in high risk populations, but data suggests that up to 40% of those infected may not fall within those populations. It is imperative that we test everyone in order to provide care and education that will reduce deaths from hepatitis B.” This recommendation is a bold shift from the current hepatitis B risk-based screening guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). But multiple challenges, including the complexity of risk-based screening, and stigma surrounding hepatitis B, have led to a lack of adherence of the current guidelines, and there has not been a significant increase in hepatitis B testing in the U.S. HBF’s recommendation is limited to adults, because universal infant vaccination has been standard in the U.S. since 1991. The new recommendation includes the provision that individuals who test negative for hepatitis B in the screening and have not been vaccinated, be offered and receive an effective hepatitis B vaccine. The WHO has called for reduction in the number of deaths due to hepatitis B by at least 65% by the year 2030. While increased vaccination rates can reduce the number of new cases, “the only way to achieve the WHO goal is to identify those with a chronic infection, by screening, and then linking them with care,” says Chari Cohen, DrPH, MPH, Vice President for Public Health and Programs, at the Hepatitis B Foundation. “Testing based only on risk factors has failed to identify over a million infected individuals. It is time to move forward with universal testing to make this effort most effective and most efficient.” While there is still no cure for chronic hepatitis B, current medications work by lowering the amount of virus in the blood, which in turn reduces damage to the liver. Effective treatment has been shown to reduce death from liver disease by 50-70% in those with chronic infection. In addition, there are many drugs currently in development that could provide even more effective treatment or a cure in the future. However, it is estimated that fewer than 7% of Americans with chronic hepatitis B are currently receiving treatment. “It is absolutely within our power to reduce deaths due to hepatitis B,” says Robert Gish, MD, HBF Medical Director. “But it will only be possible if we identify everyone who needs treatment and help them find care they can afford.” About Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus that attacks and injures the liver. Each year up to 1 million people die from hepatitis B worldwide despite the fact that it is preventable and treatable. Hepatitis B is a “silent epidemic” because most people do not have symptoms when they are newly infected or chronically infected. Thus, they can unknowingly spread the virus to others and continue the silent spread of hepatitis B. For people who are chronically infected but don’t have any symptoms, their liver is still being silently damaged which can develop into serious liver disease such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. About the Hepatitis B Foundation: The Hepatitis B Foundation is the nation’s leading nonprofit organization solely dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the quality of life for those affected worldwide through research, education and patient advocacy. To learn more, go to www.hepb.org, read our blog at hepb.org/blog, follow us on Twitter @HepBFoundation, find us on Facebook at facebook.com/hepbfoundation or call 215-489-4900.   # # #  

    https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/news-2/hepatitis-b-foundation-calls-for-universal-screening-for-hepatitis-b/
  • Printable Fact Sheets (English)

    Fact Sheet for Patients (Short) Fact Sheet for Patients (Long) Fact Sheet for Providers                              Hep Delta Facts Infographic  Hep D Fast Facts Hepatitis Delta Clinical Trials Fact Sheet (Updated July 2022)

    https://www.hepb.org/research-and-programs/hepdeltaconnect/resources/printable-fact-sheets-english/
  • Hepatitis B Foundation Launches Nationwide Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) Campaign to Expand Awareness and Testing for HDV Infection

    Collaboration with Eiger Biopharma and ARUP Laboratories Focuses on Deadly Form of Viral Hepatitis DOYLESTOWN, PA October 2016, The Hepatitis B Foundation today announced the launch of a nationwide hepatitis delta virus (HDV) campaign to expand patient access to testing and raise awareness of HDV, an infection that occurs only in patients with hepatitis B. The goal of the campaign is to educate healthcare professionals and people with hepatitis B about the risk of hepatitis delta while reducing barriers to testing. Achieving this goal will result in patients knowing their HDV status. This week, the Foundation launched a comprehensive HDV educational website (www.hepdconnect.org). The Foundation is collaborating with Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company focused on targeted therapies for rare diseases, and ARUP Laboratories, Inc., a national clinical and anatomic pathology reference laboratory, on this initiative. “There is a tremendous lack of awareness among patients and providers about the serious problem of HDV co-infection, due in-part to limited access to tests and the lack of therapies approved to treat HDV,” said Timothy Block, PhD, President and co-founder of the Hepatitis B Foundation.“Given recent advances in the availability of HDV viral load testing and an expanding pipeline of anti-HDV drug candidates, now is the time to launch an outreach campaign such as this. By increasing provider and patient awareness about HDV and the importance of testing for HDV to reduce the burden of disease, we will be able to make significant advances in eliminating the lethal HDV coinfection among hepatitis B patients.” Hepatitis delta (or Hepatitis D) is caused by infection with HDV and is considered to be one of the most severe forms of viral hepatitis in humans. Hepatitis delta occurs only as a co-infection in individuals already infected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis delta leads to more severe liver disease than hepatitis B alone and is associated with accelerated liver fibrosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and higher risk of death and liver transplants. “Eiger is committed to playing a leading role in developing novel treatments for HDV infection, the most lethal form of hepatitis, and building awareness of the need for widespread testing,” said Eduardo Martins, MD, DPhil, Senior Vice President of Liver and Infectious Diseases Drug Development at Eiger.  “The campaign represents an important step toward expanding and accelerating broad-scale HDV testing, and arming physicians and patients with information they need.” Hepatitis delta is a disease with a significant impact on global health, and due to migration, may affect up to approximately 15-20 million people worldwide. The prevalence of HDV varies among different parts of the world. Globally, HDV infection is reported to be present in approximately 5-6% of chronic hepatitis B patients. The prevalence of HDV in patients infected with chronic hepatitis B is even higher in certain regions, including certain parts of Mongolia, China, Russia, Central Asia, Pakistan, Turkey, Africa, Pacific Islands and South America, with an HDV prevalence as high as 60% being reported in hepatitis B-infected patients in Mongolia and Pakistan. About the Hepatitis B Foundation The Hepatitis B Foundation is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the quality of life for those affected worldwide through research, education and patient advocacy. To learn more, go to www.hepb.org, read the blog at hepb.org/blog, follow the Hepatitis B Foundation on Twitter @HepBFoundation and on Facebook at www.facebook.com/hepbfoundation or call 215-489-4900. About Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc. Eiger is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company committed to bringing to market novel products for the treatment of rare diseases. The company has built a diverse portfolio of well-characterized product candidates with the potential to address diseases for which the unmet medical need is high, the biology for treatment is clear, and for which an effective therapy is urgently needed. About ARUP Laboratories, Inc.Founded in 1984, ARUP Laboratories is a leading national reference laboratory and a nonprofit enterprise of the University of Utah and its Department of Pathology. ARUP offers more than 3,000 tests and test combinations, ranging from routine screening tests to esoteric molecular and genetic assays. ARUP serves clients across the United States, including many of the nation’s top university teaching hospitals and children’s hospitals, as well as multihospital groups, major commercial laboratories, group purchasing organizations, military and other government facilities, and major clinics. In addition, ARUP is a worldwide leader in innovative laboratory research and development, led by the efforts of the ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology®.  

    https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/news-2/delta-connect-release/